Funding Information: This research was funded by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through projects 2023.12853.PEX, UID//04138 and PhD fellowship 2022.11984.BD. Publisher Copyright: © 2025 The Authors; The cosmetic and pharmaceutical markets are witnessing a rising number of topical foam products, particularly for cosmetic applications, alongside a significant increase in foam-related patents in rece...