Neuroinflammation is an integral part of the neurodegeneration process inherent to several aging dysfunctions. Within the central nervous system, microglia are the effective immune cells, responsible for neuroinflammatory responses. In this study, raspberries were subjected to in vitro digestion simulation to obtain the components that result from the gastrointestinal (GI) conditions, which would be bioaccessib...
The inflammatory response is essential for survival in response to tissue injury or infection, but it can also cause neuronal damage [1]. In fact, pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as nitric oxide (NO), are known as mediators of neuronal apoptosis [2,3]. Although apoptosis occurs physiologically in the brain during the period of the growth spurt, an increase in the number of neurons undergoing apoptosis may p...
Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) injury to glial cells leads to the secretion of glutamate and elicits a typical inflammatory response. Release of pro-inflammatory cytokines may influence gliogenesis and neurogenesis, and lead to deficits in learning and memo. - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Lisbon, Portugal. - The authors are grateful to the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT), Lisbon, Por...
Nerve cell injury by unconjugated bilirubin (ILICB) has been implicated in brain damage during neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, particularly in the preterm newborn. Recently, it was shown that UCB is a substrate for the multidrug resistance-associated protein