Publisher Copyright: © 2025. The Author(s). This research was partially supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia GHTM UID/04413/2020 and LA-REAL—LA/P/0117/2020; Denise Duarte is the recipient of the FCT grant 2022.12736. BD.; BACKGROUND: Malaria is the parasitic disease with the highest global morbidity and mortality. According to estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO), there were around ...