In Europe, distribution of the several endemic honey bee (Apis mellifera) subspecies has suffered a considerable shift in the last century. In particular, beekeepers tend to favour subspecies of Eastern European ancestry (C-lineage), such as the Italian honey bee (A. m. ligustica), due to their perceived docility and high honey production. As a result, large scale migratory beekeeping and trade of C-lineage que...
Worldwide commercial beekeeping poses a threat to the native origin of the honeybee (Apis mellifera), with beekeepers favouring subspecies of Eastern European C-lineage ancestry, due to their docile behaviour and high honey production traits. In many parts of western and northern Europe, queens of Western European M-lineage ancestry have been massively replaced by queens of C-lineage ancestry, and this has led ...
One of the most critical steps for accurate taxonomic identification in DNA (meta)-barcoding is to have an accurate DNA reference sequence dataset for the marker of choice. Therefore, developing such a dataset has been a long-term ambition, especially in the Viridiplantae kingdom. Typically, reference datasets are constructed with sequences downloaded from general public databases, which can carry taxonomic and...
Europe is home to ten Apis mellifera subspecies, which belong to three mitochondrial lineages: the Western European (M), Eastern European (C), and African (A). However, the long-standing human-mediated movement of queens, primarily of C-lineage ancestry, has threatened the genetic integrity of many of these native subspecies through introgression and replacement. This has led to the establishment of conservatio...
Wing venation patterns have long been used to identify honey bee subspecies, singly or in combination with other morphological traits, using different approaches. Beekeepers have traditionally used identification methods that only require estimations of the Cubital Index, Hantel Index, and/or Discoidal Shift Angle. However, these measures do not consider all the information carried by wing patterns, and a more ...
Honeybee colonies are excellent bio-samplers of biological material such as nectar, pollen, and plant pathogens, as well as non-biological material such as pesticides or airborne contamination. The INSIGNIA-EU project aims to design and test an innovative, non-invasive, scientifically proven citizen science environmental monitoring protocol for the detection of pesticides, microplastics, heavy metals, and air p...
A powerful way of studying the quality of the environment is by examining the pollen collected by honey bees (Apis mellifera) as it contains information on available plant sources, spatial and temporal floral diversity, as well as on chemical contaminants. This entails botanical identification of pollen which has typically been addressed by classical palynology, a costly approach that often provides low taxonom...
While classical palynology has been the method of choice to assess botanical diversity of bee-collected pollen for multiple purposes, DNA metabarcoding is emerging as a powerful alternative being able to achieve high taxonomic identification accuracy. Moreover,DNA metabarcoding allows analysis of hundreds of samples in a single high-throughput sequencing run, therefore offering unprecedented scale in citizen sc...
DNA metabarcoding is emerging as a powerful method for botanical identification of bee-collected pollen, allowing analysis of hundreds of samples in a single high-throughput sequencing run, therefore offering unprecedented scale in citizen science projects. Biases in metabarcoding can be introduced at any stage of sample processing and preservation is the first step of the pipeline. Hence, it is important to te...
A powerful way of studying the quality of the environment is by examining the pollen collected by honey bees (Apis mellifera) as it contains information on available plant sources, spatial and temporal floral diversity, as well as on chemical contaminants. This entails botanical identification of pollen which has typically been addressed by classical palynology, a costly approach that often provides low taxonom...