If misregulated, macrophage (M)T cell interactions can drive chronic inflammation thereby causing diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We report that in a proinflammatory environment, granulocyte-M (GM-CSF)- and M colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-dependent Ms have dichotomous effects on T cell activity. While GM-CSF-dependent Ms show a highly stimulatory activity typical for M1 Ms, M-CSF-dependent Ms, ...
Methotrexate is the first line of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Since many patients become unresponsive to methotrexate treatment, only very expensive biological therapies are effective and increased methotrexate tolerance strategies need to be identified. Here we propose the encapsulation of methotrexate in a new liposomal formulation using a hydrophobic fragment of surfactant protein conjugated to a link...
The chronic autoimmune disorder rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects millions of adults and children every year. Chronically activated macrophages secreting enzymes and inflammatory cytokines play a key role in RA. Distinctive marker molecules on the macrophage surface could be used to design a targeted drug delivery device for the treatment of RA without affecting healthy cells and tissues. Here, different method...
Highly specific targeted drug delivery devices can be obtained with antibody-human serum albumin (mAb-HSA) conjugates. However, their conventional production involves several reaction steps including chemical modification and activation of both proteins followed by cross-linking often involving toxic chemicals. Here, we describe the enzymatic synthesis of mAb-HSA conjugates for targeted drug delivery devices us...