A simple protocol to extract RNA from a single wingless aphid, Aphis gossypii and Aphis spiraecola, using liquid nitrogen and Tri-Reagent is described. A nested reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers enabled Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) detection in these aphid species collected from an infected tangor ‘Ortanique’ (Citrus × sinensis (L.) Osbeck × Citrus reticulata Blanco) in the ...
This study compared the capacity of propolis extract (PE) and thyme waste extract (TWE) to prevent the oxidation of oil in water (O/W) emulsion, as well as their impact on emulsion apparent viscosity (AV) in the presence of wheat germ and almond oils as lipid phase. For this, central composite design (CCD) and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed. Oxidation process was monitored by evaluating the f...
Sabe-se que os vírus de plantas alteram o metabolismo secundário. Quando a infeção viral ocorre, a planta desencadeia uma resposta de resistência ativa que envolve o reconhecimento de elicitores codificadas pelo vírus através da interação direta ou indireta com produtos de genes de resistência. Esta por sua vez ativa a sinalização a jusante, o que leva a prevenção da propagação viral, confere resistência aos ag...
Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honeybees to seal honeycomb, which has been used in folk medicine due to its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. In the present study, water and methanol were used to extract phenols and flavonoids from propolis collected in thirteen different areas in the Algarve region during the winter and spring. The ABTS(center dot+), DPPH center dot, and O-2(center dot-)...