Carbon molecular sieve membranes (CMSMs) with a remarkable separation performance and stability were prepared from an ionic liquid regenerated cellulose precursor. Extremely high selectivities to H2 and CO2 are reported (H2/CH4 > 206 000 and CO2/CH4 > 14 600) due to the precise pore size of the produced membranes. Selectivity results >3590 are reported for the first time for the C3H6/C3H8 separation using cellu...