The yeasts belonging to the Wickerhamiella and Starmerella genera (W/S clade) share a distinctive evolutionary history marked by loss and subsequent reinstatement of alcoholic fermentation mediated by horizontal gene transfer events. Species in this clade also share unusual features of metabolism, namely the preference for fructose over glucose as carbon source, a rare trait known as fructophily. Here we show t...
One- and two-dimensional NMR were used to characterize the several forms of malvin present in aqueous solution in the pH range 0.3–4.5 and to determine their molar fractions as a function of pH. In addition to the flavylium cation, two hemiacetal forms and both the cis and trans forms of chalcone were firmly identified. The pathways for the interconversion of the different forms were derived and the molar absor...