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Intergroup time bias and aversive racism in the medical context

Do Bú, Emerson Araújo; Madeira, Filipa; Pereira, Cicero Roberto; Hagiwara, Nao; Vala, Jorge

Time is fundamental to organizing all aspects of human life. When invested in relationships, it has a psychological meaning as it indicates how much individuals value others and their interest in maintaining social relationships. Previous research has identified an intergroup time bias (ITB) in racialized social relations, defined as a discriminatory behavior in which White individuals invest more time in evalu...


Psychometric Assessment of the Physicians’ Job Demands and Resources Scale

Moreira, Sérgio; Oliveira, Sofia; Vala, Jorge; Costa-Lopes, Rui; Marques-Pinto, A.

Job demands and resources have been consistently associated with the burnout syndrome in physicians, however the literature points to a lack of robust measures to assess these job characteristics across various medical specialties. This study aimed to develop a theoretically and empirically grounded physician-specific job demands and resources self-report measure – the Physicians’ Job Demands and Resources Scal...


Are Childrearing values’ preferences in Europe associated to socioeconomic deve...

Ramos, Alice; Vala, Jorge

Based on two waves of the EVS (1990-93 and 2017-20), this chapter analyses childrearing values and their change/stability throughout the last 30 years in Europe at the level of their hierarchy or preferences, as well as at the way they are organised; and secondly explores the relationships between societal factors (GDP, Social well-being and GINI) and childrearing values priorities. Results show that in both EV...


How Fair is Economic Inequality? Belief in a Just World and the Legitimation of...

García-Sánchez, Efraín; Correia, Isabel; Pereira, Cicero Roberto; Willis, Guillermo B.; Rodríguez-Bailón, Rosa; Vala, Jorge

This article aims to examine the role of Belief in a Just World (BJW) in the legitimation of economic inequality. Using data from 27 European countries (N=47,086), we conducted multilevel analyses and found that BJW positively predicted the legitimation of economic inequality, measured by three indicators: the perceived fairness of the overall wealth inequality, and the fairness of the earnings made by the Top ...


Predictors of Burnout Among Physicians: Evidence From a National Study in Portugal

Marques-Pinto, Alexandra; Moreira, Sérgio; Costa-Lopes, Rui; Zózimo, Nídia; Vala, Jorge

The aims of this research on burnout among physicians were threefold, (1) to characterize the burnout symptoms’ prevalence among Portuguese physicians, (2) to test the hypothesis that organizational demands and resources add, on top of other factors, to the explanatory level of burnout; and (3) to explore the predictors of organizational demands and resources. Data collection was conducted online at the nationa...


Societies Under Threat: A Pluri-Disciplinary Approach

Jodelet, Denise; Vala, Jorge; Drozda-Senkowska, Ewa

This book illuminates the importance of threat on the representation of everyday life, from an interdisciplinary perspective. Divided into three parts, the book sets out by addressing the conceptual aspects of threat and by opening views on phenomena and social processes associated with threat. It shows how threat constitutes an analytical category that simultaneously involves social, psychological, religious, ...


Introduction -Threats: An Indispensable Debate

Jodelet, Denise; Vala, Jorge; Drozda-Senkowska, Ewa

Certain social phenomena take on particular importance in certain historical periods or at certain moments in social life. Even if they have always existed, due to specific socially sensitive conjunctures they are suddenly afforded special attention by the public, as well as in political and scientific circles.


Immigrants and Refugees: From Social Disaffection to Perceived Threat

Vala, Jorge; Pereira, Cicero Roberto

Immigrants and refugees are today represented as a threat by a significant number of Europeans and constitute a topic that divides Governments and is at the centre of the agenda of new European extreme right-wing. This chapter presents a new approach and innovative hypotheses about the factors underlying the representation of immigrants and refugees as a threat, and their role in legitimizing discrimination, so...


The impact of biological and cultural racisms on attitudes towards immigrants a...

Ramos, Alice; Pereira, Cicero Roberto; Vala, Jorge

Based on ESS-7 data, this paper focuses on two attitudinal dimensions about public policies related to immigration: how many can come and who can come. In this context, the hypothesis concerning the bi-dimensionality of racism was supported and, as predicted, biological racism is more antinormative than cultural racism. Both biological and cultural racism predict opposition to immigration and adhesion to ethnic...


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