Encontrados 9 documentos, a visualizar página 1 de 1
Optimistic and pessimistic cognitive judgement bias modulates the stress respon...
Espigares, Felipe; Alvarado, M. Victoria; Abad-Tortosa, Diana; Varela, Susana A. M.; Sobral, Daniel; Faísca, Pedro; Paixão, Tiago; Oliveira, RuiCognitive judgement bias in decision-making under ambiguity occurs both in animals and humans, with some individuals interpreting ambiguous stimulus as positive (optimism) and others as negative (pessimism). We hypothesize that judgement bias is a personality trait and that individuals with a pessimistic bias would be more reactive to stressors and therefore more susceptible to stress-related diseases than opti...
Mate-choice copying accelerates species range expansion
Sapage, Manuel; Santos, Mauro; Matos, Margarida; Schlupp, Ingo; Varela, Susana A. M.Mate-choice copying is a type of social learning in which females can change their mate preference after observing the choice of others. This behaviour can potentially affect population evolution and ecology, namely through increased dispersal and reduced local adaptation. Here, we simulated the effects of mate-choice copying in populations expanding across an environmental gradient to understand whether it can...
The role of intrasexual competition on the evolution of male-male courtship dis...
Órfão, Inês; Carvalho, Constança; Rodrigues, Inês; Ascensão, Leonor; Pedaccini, Marie; Vicente, Luís; Barbosa, Miguel; Varela, Susana A. M.Background: Evidence of male-male courtship display is widespread across the animal kingdom. Yet, its function and evolutionary origin remain unclear. Here, we hypothesise that male-male courtship display evolved in response to selection pressure exerted by intrasexual competition during male-female courtship interactions. Intrasexual competition can be caused by bystander male pressure through eavesdropping an...
Social learning by mate‐choice copying increases dispersal and reduces local ad...
Sapage, Manuel; Varela, Susana A. M.; Kokko, HannaIn heterogeneous environments, dispersal may be hampered not only by direct costs, but also because immigrants may be locally maladapted. While maladaptation affects both sexes, this cost may be modulated in females if they express mate preferences that are either adaptive or maladaptive in the new local population. Dispersal costs under local adaptation may be mitigated if it is possible to switch to expressin...
The correlated evolution of social competence and social cognition
Varela, Susana A. M.; Teles, Magda C; Oliveira, Rui Filipe1. Knowing which of correlated traits are more strongly targeted by selection is crucial to understand the evolutionary process. For example, it could help in understanding how behavioural and cognitive adaptations to social living have evolved. 2. Social competence is the ability of animals to optimize their social behaviours according to the demands of their social environment. It is a behavioural performance...
The social evolution of sleep: sex differences, intragenomic conflicts and clin...
Faria, Gonçalo S.; Varela, Susana A. M.; Gardner, AndySleep appears to be essential for most animals, including humans. Accordingly, individuals who sacrifice sleep are expected to incur costs and so should only be evolutionarily favoured to do this when these costs are offset by other benefits. For instance, a social group might benefit from having some level of wakefulness during the sleeping period if this guards against possible threats. Alternatively, individ...
The relation between R. A. Fisher's sexy-son hypothesis and W. D. Hamilton's gr...
Faria, Gonçalo S.; Varela, Susana A. M.; Gardner, AndyRecent years have seen a growing interest in the overlap between the theories of kin selection and sexual selection. One potential overlap is with regards to whether R. A. Fisher’s “sexy-son” hypothesis, concerning the evolution of extravagant sexual ornamentation, may be framed in terms of W. D. Hamilton’s green beard effect, concerning scenarios in which individuals carry an allele that allows them to recogni...
The role of mate-choice copying in speciation and hybridization
Varela, Susana A. M.; Matos, Margarida; Schlupp, IngoMate-choice copying, a social, non-genetic mechanism of mate choice, occurs when an individual (typically a female) copies the mate choice of other individuals via a process of social learning. Over the past 20 years, mate-choice copying has consistently been shown to affect mate choice in several species, by altering the genetically based expression of mating preferences. This behaviour has been claimed by sev...
Mate-choice copying: A fitness-enhancing behavior that evolves by indirect sele...
Santos, Mauro; Sapage, Manuel; Matos, Margarida; Varela, Susana A. M.A spatially explicit, individual-based simulation model is used to study the spread of an allele for mate-choice copying (MCC) through horizontal cultural transmission when female innate preferences do or do not coevolve with a male viability-increasing trait. Evolution of MCC is unlikely when innate female preferences coevolve with the trait, as copier females cannot express a higher preference than noncopier ...