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Cycling and Running are More Predictive of Overall Race Finish Time than Swimmi...

Knechtle, Beat; Valero, David; Villiger, Elias; Thuany, Mabliny; Cuk, Ivan; Forte, Pedro; Andrade, Marilia Santos; Nikolaidis, Pantelis T.

Several studies have evaluated the most predictive discipline (swimming, cycling, and running) of performance in elite IRONMAN<jats:sup>®</jats:sup> triathletes. However, no study has ever determined the most decisive discipline for IRONMAN<jats:sup>®</jats:sup> age group triathletes. The present study analyzed the importance of the three disciplines on the overall race times in IRONMAN<jats:sup>®</jats:sup> ag...

Date: 2025   |   Origin: Biblioteca Digital do IPB

Case Report: Case study of 100 consecutive IRONMAN®-distance triathlons—impact ...

Knechtle, Beat; Leite , Luciano Bernardes; Forte, Pedro; Andrade, Marilia Santos; Cuk, Ivan; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theo; Scheer, Volker; Weiss, Katja

Long-distance triathletes such as IRONMAN (R) and ultra-triathletes competing in longer race distances continue to extend ultra-endurance limits. While the performance of 60 IRONMAN (R)-distance triathlons in 60 days was the longest described to date, we analysed in the present case study the impact of split disciplines and recovery in one athlete completing 100 IRONMAN (R)-distance triathlons in 100 days. To d...

Date: 2025   |   Origin: Biblioteca Digital do IPB

Freestyle master’s swimming: Nationality, sex, and performance trends in World ...

Ahmad, Wais; Wilhelm, Matthias; Moreitz, Sascha; Andrade, Marilia Santos; Forte, Pedro; Stanula, Arkadiusz; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theo; Cuk, Ivan

In sports science, freestyle swimming has been thoroughly studied for particular performance-related factors. Nonetheless, it is unknown what countries the top freestyle swimmers are from, especially not for age group swimmers. In addition, the existing research on the performance of master freestyle swimmers has yet to confirm that male swimmers achieve faster times than their female counterparts across all ag...

Date: 2025   |   Origin: Biblioteca Digital do IPB

Sex differences in performance and pacing in the greatest Quintuple Iron ultra-...

Knechtle, Beat; Leite , Luciano Bernardes; Duric, Sasa; Cuk, Ivan; Andrade, Marilia Santos; Scheer, Volker; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theo; Weiss, Katja

Pacing in ultra-triathlon has been investigated by analyzing lap times from Double to Deca Iron ultra-triathlon for World Cup races but not for a World Championship. The present study aimed to investigate pacing in ultra-triathletes competing in the fastest and largest World Championship in Quintuple Iron ultra-triathlon ever held in history. A total of 11 female and 24 male finishers who completed the 2024 Qui...

Date: 2025   |   Origin: Biblioteca Digital do IPB

The fastest 24-hour ultramarathoners are from Eastern Europe

Knechtle, Beat; Valero, David; Villiger, Elias; Scheer, Volker; Weiss, Katja; Forte, Pedro; Thuany, Mabliny; Vancini, Rodrigo Luiz

Ultramarathon running is of increasing popularity, where the time-limited 24-hour run is one of the most popular events. Although we have a high scientific knowledge about different topics for this specific race format, we do not know where the best 24-hour runners originate from and where the fastest races are held. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the origin of these runners and the fastest...

Date: 2024   |   Origin: Biblioteca Digital do IPB

Case Report: Differences in self-selected pacing in 20, 40, and 60 ironman-dist...

Knechtle, Beat; Cuk, Ivan; Andrade, Marilia Santos; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theo; Weiss, Katja; Forte, Pedro; Thuany, Mabliny

Triathletes are pushing their limits in multi-stage Ironman-distance triathlons. In the present case study, we investigated the pacing during 20, 40, and 60 Ironman-distance triathlons in 20, 40, and 60 days, respectively, of one professional IRONMAN® triathlete. Case study: Event 1 (20 Ironman-distance triathlons in 20 days), Event 2 (40 Ironman-distance triathlons in 40 days), and Event 3 (60 Ironman-distance...

Date: 2024   |   Origin: Biblioteca Digital do IPB

The influence of origin and race location on performance in IRONMAN® age group ...

Knechtle, Beat; Valero, David; Villiger, Elias; Thuany, Mabliny; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theo; Cuk, Ivan; Andrade, Marilia Santos; Forte, Pedro

The IRONMAN® (IM) triathlon is a popular multi-sport, where age group athletes often strive to qualify for the IM World Championship in Hawaii. The aim of the present study was to investigate the location of the fastest IM racecourses for age group IM triathletes. This knowledge will help IM age group triathletes find the best racecourse, considering their strengths and weaknesses, to qualify. To determine the ...

Date: 2024   |   Origin: Biblioteca Digital do IPB

A study of the fastest courses for professional triathletes competing in IRONMA...

Thuany, Mabliny; Valero, David; Villiger, Elias; Fernandes, Matheus Santos Sousa; Forte, Pedro; Weiss, Katja; Nikolaidis, Pantelis Theo; Cuk, Ivan

Purpose. The IRONMAN® triathlon is an endurance multisport discipline of high popularity. Professional IRONMAN® triathletes need to qualify for the IRONMAN® World Championships and, therefore, would benefit from identifying the fastest race courses. Our purpose was to identify the fastest races held for professional IRONMAN® triathletes competing from 2002 to 2022. Methods. This was an observational study, samp...

Date: 2024   |   Origin: Biblioteca Digital do IPB

Analysis of over 1 million race records shows runners from East African countri...

Weiss, Katja; Valero, David; Villiger, Elias; Thuany, Mabliny; Forte, Pedro; Gajda, Robert; Scheer, Volker; Sreckovic, Sreten; Cuk, Ivan

The 50-km ultra-marathon is a popular race distance, slightly longer than the classic marathon distance. However, little is known about the country of affiliation and age of the fastest 50-km ultra-marathon runners and where the fastest races are typically held. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate a large dataset of race records for the 50-km distance race to identify the country of affiliation and the a...

Date: 2024   |   Origin: Biblioteca Digital do IPB

Physiological features of olympic-distance amateur triathletes, as well as thei...

Barbosa, José Geraldo; Lira, Claudio A.B. de; Vancini, Rodrigo Luiz; Anjos, Vinicius R. dos; Vivan, Lavinia; Seffrin, Aldo; Forte, Pedro; Weiss, Katja

The purpose of this study was to verify the physiological and anthropometric determinants of triathlon performance in female and male athletes. This study included 40 triathletes (20 male and 20 female). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to assess body composition, and an incremental cardiopulmonary test was used to assess physiological variables. A questionnaire about physical training habits wa...

Date: 2023   |   Origin: Biblioteca Digital do IPB

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