Portugal, located in the southwest region of the Eurasian plate, has been affected by several destructive earthquakes throughout its history, the most well-known being the 1755 Great Lisbon earthquake. The seismicity of the territory, both in the mainland and in the Azores and Madeira islands, has prompted the continuous development of seis- mic monitoring, from the first known macroseismic inquiry, following t...
The nearly ubiquitous consumption of cereals all over the world renders them an important position in international nutrition, but concurrently allocates exposure to possible contained contaminants. Mycotoxins are natural food contaminants, difficult to predict, evade, and reduce, so it is important to establish the real contribution of each contaminated food product, with the aim to evaluate mycotoxin exposure...
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of fungi, such as Penicillium verrucosum and Aspergillium spp., which has been found to have a wide number of potentially deadly toxic effects, and can enter the human organism through a variety of means. It then finds its way into the bloodstream and, after a lengthy process, is eventually excreted through the urine. It can thus be detected in its origina...
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi such as Penicillium verrucosum and Aspergillium spp. and has been found to have a variety of potentially deadly toxic effects. The favoured substrate for fungal growth and OTA production appears to be cereals and flour-based products, including bread. Due to the dietary relevance of bread for the Portuguese population, it is imperative that its OTA content rem...
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin which possesses a variety of toxic effects, including enzyme inhibition, immunosuppression, teratogenicity, nephrotoxicity, and carcinogenicity. It is produced by fungi for which foodstuffs such as beans, cereals, fruits, and seeds constitute an ideal growing media. It has proven itself at least partly resistant to food processing methods, meaning it is also present in derived ...
Ochratoxin A (OTA) remains one of the most important mycotoxins known, due to its ubiquitous occurrence, wide range of susceptible food commodities and observed toxic effects, in both animals and humans. The reported toxic effects include carcinogenic, nephrotoxic, teratogenic, neurotoxic and immunotoxic.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6W6H-4TX33XB-1/2/609b7e7d0247810aab7cad1fae1f851b
A survey on the occurrence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in 41 bread samples was carried out in the Portuguese capital, Lisbon. Maize (5) and wheat bread (36) and 43 representative urine samples from the Lisbon region were assayed for OTA levels using immunoaffinity column cleanup (IAC) and HPLC with fluorimetric detection (LC-FD). The percentage of OTA-positive samples was slightly higher for maize bread (80%) than wh...
Abstract The main goal of this work was determination of residues of the antibiotics ofloxacin (OFLO), norfloxacin (NOR), ciprofloxacin (CIPRO), and enrofloxacin (ENRO) in wastewater samples. The samples, after acidification to pH 4.5 and addition of EDTA, were extracted on an anion-exchange cartridge in tandem with an Oasis HLB cartridge. The LC–FD method, developed in previous studies, was based on applicatio...