Objective: To present cases of ptosis in HIV-1 patients on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) and review the existing literature. Methods: Five HIV-1-positive patients with slowly progressive bilateral ptosis underwent a comprehensive diagnostic evaluation, including imaging studies, neurophysiological testing, muscle biopsy, and genetic analysis. A literature review was conducted. Results: On clinical exam...
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease with clinical and etiological heterogeneity and a complex genetic contribution. Clinical, neuropathological, and genetic evidence revealed that ALS and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are in part of a single disease continuum. Genetic causes have been identified in sporadic (SALS) and familial patients (FALS) and the recurrent genetic factor under...