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Passive control devices are widely used in the reduction of lateral vibrations of building structures. The control of these lateral vibrations is vital in preventing collisions between adjacent building structures during a seismic event. These collisions modify the dynamic behavior of the intervenient structures and cause substantial local damage. In this way, the implementation of a Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) can be a solution in mitigating the earthquake-induced building pounding. However, there are concerns regarding the effectiveness and practical applicability of solutions for this purpose. In fact, non-linear inelastic behavior of building structures, expected during earthquakes, is one of these concerns that should be considered in the assessment of the TMD effectiveness. Hence, this study addresses the investigation of the control action effectiveness of a TMD in reducing the lateral displacements of one of two building structures modelled with elastic and inelastic behavior that are prone to earthquake-induced structural pounding. Results show that TMD is effective in reducing displacements, pounding forces, and number of impacts, under elastic building behavior. However, when inelastic behavior is considered the TMD becomes less effective. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.