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In this presentation we propose a framework for the analysis of the role of civil society and third sector organisations in gender equality that articulates two analytical and empirical axes. On one hand, mainstreaming, related to the practices regarding equality between women and men both inside and outside organisations, including governance structures, the labour force and the volunteers, as well as activities and projects towards promoting gender equality in the wider community (Conselho da Europa, 1999; Ferreira, 2000). On the other hand, empowerment, related to the study of organisational capacity in terms of mission, participation, management, accountability, strategic capacity as well as embededness in the community and inter-organisational networks (Edwards and Fowler, 2002). The articulations of these two axes brings issues around effectiveness and sustainability both in civil society organisations and in gender equality and provide a richer framework, both for research and policy.