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Abstract: Background/Aims: Although studies of the association between coparenting and parenting self-efficacy are increasing, little is known about this association in both mothers and fathers during the postpartum period. To better understand the association between coparenting and parenting selfefficacy during the transition to parenthood, this study aimed to analyse the association between coparenting and parenting self-efficacy at six months postpartum period, and the moderating role of parental role on this association. Design/Methods: The study included one independent sample of 161 mothers and one independent sample of 44 fathers (N = 212). At six months postpartum, parents completed a self-reported sociodemographic questionnaire, and measures to assess coparenting (Coparenting Relationship Scale) and parenting self-efficacy (Karitane Parenting Confidence Scale). Results: Results showed that more coparenting agreement, coparenting closeness, coparenting support, endorse partner parenting and Coparenting relationship scale total score were associated with higher parenting self-efficacy, whereas more coparenting undermining was associated with lower parenting self-efficacy. No significant gender moderation was found between coparenting and parenting selfefficacy. However, the interaction between exposure to conflict and parental role was marginally associated with parenting self-efficacy. More exposure to conflict was associated with lower parenting self-efficacy in mothers. However, in fathers, exposure to conflict was not associated with parenting self-efficacy. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of targeting coparenting to promote parents' parenting self-efficacy during the transition to parenthood.