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The European Green Deal is an important tool for improving food security both through the establishment of general strategic guidelines and through its influence on the European Union (EU) secondary law regulating food security. The aim of the article is to comprehensively assess the economic, social, and legal impact of the European Green Deal on EU food security by analysing its implementation at different levels. The research employs regression analysis, case studies, and precedent analysis. Regression analysis for EU countries revealed that the key factor that increases food insecurity is food inflation with a regression coefficient of 0.1422 and, potentially, pesticide sales (0.0103). Factors that can reduce food insecurity were energy consumption in the agricultural sector (-0.3485) and the organic agricultural area (-0.2541). The analysis of the country cases revealed uneven implementation of reforms and potential threats to food security. The EU’s case law confirmed that the success of the Green Deal is largely determined by legal mechanisms, and their absorption can have negative consequences. In particular, the risk of reduced production, legal uncertainty, insufficiently effective implementation of directives, which requires further improvement of the regulatory framework. The obtained results are useful for politicians and decision-makers in the field of ensuring food security, providing a basis for further improvement of regulatory mechanisms and practical measures.