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Cortical and lateral geniculate changes are well documented in amblyopia but retinal involvement is controversial. Our aim was to compare macular volume and thickness the sound and the amblyopic eye, in children with unilateral amblyopia due to anisometropia or strabismus, using optical coherence tomography. Materials and Methods: Amblyopic children up to the age of 18 were examined with Stratus OCT3, assessing macular volume and thickness. Statistical analysis was done using the Wilcoxon signed rank test and a level of significance of 5% was chosen. Results: 19 amblyopic patients were studied, 15 with strabismus and 4 with anisometropia. The foveal minimum thickness was significantly greater in the amblyopic eye; by contrast, significantly reduced thickness was found in the inner nasal, inner inferior and outer inferior macular areas of the amblyopic eye. Macular volume and retinal thickness in the other macular areas were reduced in amblyopic eyes but this was not significant. Conclusions: There seems to be a difference in macular thickness between both eyes in patients with unilateral amblyopia due to strabismus or anisometropia, at least in some areas. Our results are according to some studies performed so far, although others contradict these results, reflecting the different experimental settings used.