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Objective: to describe the risk factors that contributes to the onset of type 2 diabetes. Method: to perform this article we proceeded to an integrative review of Portuguese and international literature between the years 2000 and 2011 held in the database of the Scientific Open Access Repository of Portugal and Medline, with the descriptors for type 2 diabetes mellitus, risk factors, nursing in Portuguese and English. Results: the onset of type 2 diabetes is a combination of genetic, environmental and behavioral factors, associated with lifestyles, characterized by inactivity, and the proportional increase in caloric intake. Conclusion: you can change the natural history of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, preventing it from occurring by practicing healthy behaviors. The nurse should create projects for the prevention of type 2 diabetes, including strategies and activities to reduce risk factors and working together with citizens, contributing to a clarification, training, and thus improving health levels