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The interest in the study of Vitis is closely associated with the importance of wine and the economic impact of this species. Within this duality, two subspecies gain relevant attention: Vitis vinifera vinifera (vinifera) is the subspecies most used in viticulture, contains essentially hermaphroditic plants and results from a long process of domestication; and Vitis vinifera sylvestris (sylvestris), an essentially dioecious subspecies (with only a few hermaphroditic individuals per population), which has not been domesticated. The comparative study of both subspecies is important, as it increases the general knowledge in relation to Vitis genus, namely, to clarify which genes are associated with its sexual determination. In order to deepen the knowledge regarding the sexual determination of Vitis, studies were performed in the areas of transcritomics, genomics and bioinformatics. One of the main conclusions of this work is the possible involvement of posttranscriptional regulators, such as micro RNAs, and RNA editing in nuclear transcripts, in a systematic and constant manner. The extensive validation of these results showed an association between these posttranscriptional players and the flower developmental stage, as well as the flower type (male or female), with consistent results in consecutive years analysed. It should also be emphasized that some of the processes studied, namely the RNA editing, can be transversal to other species and organs and so, the results found here can enhance knowledge in other systems