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Cet article a l'objectif de détailler les diverses initiatives du gouvernement Lula (2003-2010) par rapport à la mise en forme d'une politique de ressources humaines et, de cette façon, vérifier s'il y a eu une amélioration des conditions et relations de travail dans le secteur public brésilien. À partir des années 1990, et dans le sens contraire de la grande croissance de l'emploi public dans les six décennies précédentes, l'adhésion des gouvernements brésiliens aux principes du « Consensus de Washington » souligne le fonctionnalisme comme point fondamental dans l'agenda des réformes nécessaires à la reprise de la croissance économique. Ces gouvernements là se sont penchés sur le traitement de l'emploi public comme étant un problème fiscal et ont agi pour restreindre sa dimension. Simultanément, les conditions et relations de travail se sont présentées plus fragilisées (rendues évidentes par l'absence de réajustement de salaire; la croissance de formes variables de rémunération ; l'élargissement du cadre de travailleurs temporaires et externes, e avec l'attitude autoritaire devant la représentation syndicale). Avec une recherche documentaire et bibliographique, on pourra remarquer que la restructuration de nombreuses carrières, la reprise des concours, la création de la « Réunion Nationale de Négotiation Permanente », la réforme de la sécurité sociale et les réajustements selectifs des rémunérations manifestent l'ambiguïté comme une marque fondamentale des politiques de ressources humaines. Cela parce que, au même temps, les progrès des conditions de travail du serviteur public ont toujours été accompagnés par l'entretien d'une partie de l'agenda conservatrice des années 1990, surtout par rapport à la reproduction de limites fiscaux rigoureux.

Este artigo tem por objetivo inventariar as diversas iniciativas do governo Lula (2003-2010) no que diz respeito à formatação de uma política de recursos humanos e, dessa forma, verificar se houve melhoria das condições e relações de trabalho no setor público brasileiro. A partir dos anos 1990 e na contramão do grande crescimento do emprego público nas seis décadas anteriores, a adesão dos governos brasileiros aos princípios do Consenso de Washington destaca o funcionalismo como ponto fundamental na agenda das reformas necessárias à retomada do crescimento econômico. Os tais governos tenderam a tratar o emprego público como um problema fiscal e atuaram no sentido de restringir sua dimensão. em simultâneo, as condições e relações de trabalho apresentaram-se mais precarizadas (evidenciadas pela ausência de reajuste salarial; o crescimento de formas variáveis de remuneração; ampliação do quadro de temporários e terceirizados e com a postura autoritária diante da representação sindical). Por meio de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, poder-se-á perceber que a reestruturação de várias carreiras, a retomada dos concursos, a criação da Mesa Nacional de Negociação Permanente, a reforma previdenciária e os reajustes seletivos das remunerações manifestam a ambigüidade como marca fundamental das políticas de recursos humanos. Isto porque, a um só tempo, os avanços nas condições de trabalho do servidor público foram sempre acompanhados pela manutenção de parte da agenda conservadora dos anos 1990, sobretudo no que diz respeito à reprodução de limites fiscais rigorosos.

This article attempts an inventory of the numerous initiatives of the Lula government (2003-2010) with regard to the establishing of human resource policy and, in this regard, seeks to verify if there has been improvement in working conditions and relations in the Brazilian public sector. As of the 1990s and against the grain of the major growth of public employment over the previous six decades, Brazilian government adhesion to the principles of the Washington Consensus has made it clear how civil service becomes a crucial issue on the agenda of reforms deemed necessary to recover economic growth. Such governments have tended to deal with public employment as a fiscal problem and have acted in such as way as to restrict it. Simultanteously, work conditions and relations have become more precarious (as evidenced by the absence of inflation adjustments, the increase in variable forms of wages and salaries; increased temporary and subcontracted labor and authoritarian positions regarding labor unions). Through documentary and bibliographic research, we have been able to see that the restructuring of different careers, new employment openings, the creation of a National Board of Permanent Negotiation, social security system reform and selective wage readjustment show that ambiguity is the fundamental trait of human resource policies. This is due to the fact that improvements in civil servants' working conditions have been accompanied by the maintenance of a part of the conservative agenda of the 1990s, particularly that part that has sought to reproduce rigorous fiscal limits.

Universidade Estadual de Campinas

Universidade Estadual Paulista

Universidade Estadual Paulista