Los mapas mentales, también conocidos como mapas cognitivos, son visiones individua­les simplificadas de nuestro entorno. En estudios anteriores se buscó analizar el aprendizaje del Mundo con mapas mentales. Esta contribución rescata los primeros estudios de Char­les Trowbridge (1913) y de Kevin Lynch (1960) sobre imágenes de las ciudades americanas, tal como fueron percibidas y dibujadas por sus residentes, aplicando similar metodología a un barrio tradicional de Lisboa, el barrio medieval de los moros, La Morería (Mouraria). La cuestión de investigación fue la siguiente: ¿Qué visión tienen del barrio estudiantes que lo hayan recurrido sólo una vez? Los alumnos de la licenciatura en Geografía del IGOT fueron invitados a hacer un recurrido por el barrio, a fotografiarlo, observarlo y hacer encuestas, bajo orientación de los dos profesores de la asignatura de Geografía Social y Cultural. En un segundo momento, tuvieron que relatar por escrito y cartografiar el recurrido de esa visita de estudio; En el tercer momento, sin previa notificación, se les solicitó diseñasen un mapa mental del recurrido por el barrio multicultural y multiétnico de Morería. Resultaron 29 ma­pas donde estaban las vías recurridas (calles y plazas), los marcos detalladamente analizados durante la visita (iglesias, comercios, restaurantes, residencias, hoteles), así como los límites y la orientación espacial del área estudiada. Se concluye que cerca de 2/3 de los estudiantes evi­dencia una correcta percepción del itinerario hecho, con buena navegación y representación de cinco o más puntos de referencia relevantes para la posterior profundización de aspectos socioeconómicos y culturales del barrio. El objetivo pedagógico es lo de ayudar los alumnos a comprender los principios clave de la representación cartográfica. Los mapas mentales son el instrumento utilizado para la alfabetización geográfica, entendidos como forma de comunicar las percepciones e interpretaciones de los hechos espaciales

Klaassen et al. conducted a retrospective observational matched cohort study comparing patients undergoing endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) with or without the use of Fiber Optic RealShape (FORS) technology. They compared the use of FORS during contralateral gate cannulation in 27 cases matched (age, sex, and body mass index) with 27 patients using regular (fluoroscopy only) EVAR. The results indicated a reduction in cumulative air kerma, air kerma area product, and fluoroscopy time during gate cannulation. However, no significant differences were observed in overall cannulation time, total procedure time, or total procedure radiation exposure. Their study builds on previous research on FORS in endovascular procedures, including in pre-clinical models and human trials.

The management of cities in the XXI century must be different to adapt to the rapidity of changes (technological, social, consumption, demographic and cultural trends...). These vertiginous changes, generate political and business uncertainty in decision making. In the current context, in which the problems that are presented to the municipalities are increasing in quality and quantity (social, economic, unemployment, mobility problems, etc.) those who must respond from a very limited budget situation due to local financial insufficiency and at the same time satisfy demands is more necessary than ever to have a strategic city plan. The main objective of this study is the development of a methodological proposal for the strategic planning of the cities that will help them to manage and order the city in an effective and efficient way.

This study aimed to assess the implications of Zn enrichment in wheat grains as a function of contrasting genotypes, edaphic conditions and foliar fertilizers. Triticum aestivum L. varieties Roxo and Paiva were grown in four production fields, and sprayed with ZnSO4 (0, 16.20 and 36.40 kg/ha) Zn-EDTA (0, 6.30 and 12.60 kg/ha) and Tecnifol Zinc (0, 3.90 and 7.80 kg/ha). The heterogeneous edaphic conditions of the wheat fields were chemically characterized, it being found that soil properties determine different Zn accumulation in the grains of both genotypes. Foliar spraying enhanced to different extents Zn content in the grains of both genotypes, but the average of enrichment indexes varied among the wheat fields. Zinc mostly accumulated in the embryo and vascular bundle and to a lesser extent in the endosperm. Grain yield and test weight sprayed by ZnSO4 gave the highest values in both genotypes, but the opposite was found for Zn-EDTA. Considering the color parameters, lightness and red–green transitions were found to be a conjunction of genotype characteristics, fertilization types and edaphic conditions prevailing in each field. It is concluded that the index of Zn enrichment in wheat grains is a docket of edaphic conditions, genotype and type of fertilization

Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) is a nature-based solution that has gained importance in the context of international climate policy, such as in the EU Adaptation Strategy (2013), which explicitly encourages its adoption and which should continue in The European Green Deal. This study aims to analyze how the EbA concept has been adopted in strategic adaptation planning at the municipal and intermunicipal levels in Portugal after the publication of the European adaptation strategy in 2013. Thus, a quantitative content analysis was carried out, based on EbA keywords, of municipal strategies and intermunicipal plans in Portugal. The term “ecosystem-based” has not been transposed as an explicit objective at the municipal and intermunicipal levels. All strategies and plans have included indirect references to the underlying elements of the EbA concept. This study highlights that although the EU Adaptation Strategy explicitly encourages EbA, this does not mean that it is adopted as a preferred adaptation approach at the local level in Portugal. The EbA seems to be more widely understood by the research community than by municipal technicians or private companies. It is necessary to explore how the EbA concept can be more widely accepted through the generation of co-benefits and by synergies between topics.

Partant d’une brève mise en perspective historique de la langue française au Portugal depuis le XIXe siècle et de quelques éléments de contexte, l’article identifie les principaux enjeux de sa situation actuelle. Il propose ensuite quelques réflexions sur un changement de paradigme où, en lien avec le plurilinguisme, le français est un moteur et un atout réel et pertinent pour la pensée, la création, l’interprétation, le dialogue interdisciplinaire et l’approche de l’altérité.

In this paper, we explore the role of intonation and visual cues in the perception of statements and questions in two varieties of European Portuguese—the standard (SEP) and the insular variety of Azores, Ponta Delgada (PtD)—previously shown to convey sentence type contrasts by different uses of intonational means and/or facial gestures, namely eyebrow movements. Forty native speakers (20 from each variety) were exposed to SEP and PtD stimuli in a perception task with three conditions (audio only, video only, and audiovisual). The audiovisual condition includes congruent and incongruent (both original and manipulated) stimuli, where there is either a match or a mismatch between the auditory and visual features as potential cues for a specific sentence type. We concluded that both SEP and PtD participants rely more on intonation than on eyebrow movement to identify sentence types, even when exposed to incongruent audiovisual stimuli. In the absence of audio information, unexpectedly, participants do not interpret eyebrow raising as a question marker, not even when perceiving stimuli from their native variety. When exposed to non-native audiovisual stimuli, both SEP and PtD participants present longer reaction times (RTs), especially for incongruent stimuli. Finally, although we confirm the strength of intonation over visual cues, RTs in the audiovisual condition are significantly shorter than in the audio condition, thus pointing to the relevance of visual cues for structural/linguistic marking.

The role of information has assumed, in the last decades, a central place in planning theory and research, especially around the capacity of misinformation to shape power relationships in the political arenas. The theme of counter-information, with its capacity to contrast the institutionalized information, has contextually emerged in the public debate. The authors suggest a parallel to the duality of misinformation/counter-information, building on the representation of urban spaces and processes: “mis-representation“ versus “counter-representation”. A Reading of the flux of representations on Martim Moniz Square in Lisbon is given and the swift transformations of this place are highlighted. Therefore, the relationship between institutional policies and local practices, between spaces for conflict/dialogue, and their representations are debated as crucial for the capacity (or not) of grass-root rquests to soar at the role of organized action.

Introduction: This study assessed the test-retest reliability/agreement and construct validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short-form (IPAQ-sf) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It also explored differences in its validity according to age, sex and GOLD airflow obstruction levels. Methods: 62 participants (68 ± 8 years, 53 males, FEV1 51 ± 23%pred) completed the Portuguese IPAQ-sf, wore an accelerometer for 7 days and completed a second IPAQ-sf. Test-retest reliability/agreement was assessed with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC2,1), 95% Limits of Agreement (LoA), standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC95) for continuous variables, and percentage of agreement (%agreement) for categories ("active"/"inactive"). Validity was assessed with 95% LoA and Spearman's correlations (ρ) between IPAQ-sf 2 (METs-min/week, time in vigorous [VPA], moderate PA [MPA] and walking) and accelerometry (time in MVPA, VPA, MPA and step counts) for continuous variables; %agreement, Cohen's kappa, and sensitivity specificity and±predictive values for categories. Correlations were also performed for age, sex and GOLD airflow obstruction grades. Results: Reliability was good (ICC2,1 = 0.707) with wide LoA (-6446-6409 METs-min/week). SEM and MDC95 were 1840 and 4971 METs-min/week, respectively. %agreement between the two IPAQ-sf was 84% (kappa = 0.660). Positive, moderate and significant correlations were found between IPAQ-sf and accelerometry (0.396 ≤ ρ ≤ 0.527, p < 0.001), except for VPA (p > 0.05). The strongest correlations were found in age (<65 years) and male (0.466 ≤ ρ ≤ 0.653, p < 0.05). %agreement between tools was 65% (kappa = 0.313), with high sensitivity (0.830) but low specificity (0.500). Conclusions: The IPAQ-sf seems valid to be used in COPD but caution on its widespread use is recommended as its accuracy may be limited.

The diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) relies on microscopic visualization of Pneumocystis jirovecii organisms or DNA detection in pulmonary specimens. This study aimed to assess the usefulness of (1-3)-β-d-glucan (BG), Krebs von den Lungen-6 antigen (KL-6), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) as serologic biomarkers in the diagnosis of PCP. Serum levels of BG, KL-6, LDH and SAM were investigated in 145 Portuguese patients, 50 patients from the Netherlands, 25 Spanish patients and 40 Portuguese blood donors. Data on clinical presentation, chest imaging and gasometry tests were available. PCP cases were confirmed by microscopy and PCR techniques. A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed. BG was found to be the most reliable serologic biomarker for PCP diagnosis, followed by KL-6, LDH and SAM. The BG/KL-6 combination test was the most accurate serologic approach for PCP diagnosis, with 94.3% sensitivity and 89.6% specificity. Although less sensitive/specific than the reference standard classic methods based on bronchoalveolar lavage followed by microscopic or molecular detection of P. jirovecii organisms, the BG/KL-6 test may provide a less onerous procedure for PCP diagnosis, as it uses a minimally invasive and inexpensive specimen (blood), which may be also a major benefit for the patient's care. The BG/KL-6 combination test should be interpreted within the clinical context, and it may be used as a preliminary screening test in patients with primary suspicion of PCP, or as an alternative diagnostic procedure in patients with respiratory failure or in children, avoiding the associated risk of complications by the use of bronchoscopy.

Purpose: Theory-based interventions aimed at promoting health behavior change in cancer survivors seem to be effective but remain scarce. More information on intervention features is also needed. This review aimed to synthesize the evidence from randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of theory-based interventions (and its features) on physical activity (PA) and/or diet behaviors in cancer survivors. Methods: A systematic search in three databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science) identified studies that (i) targeted adult cancer survivors and (ii) included theory-based randomized controlled trials designed to influence PA, diet, or weight management. A qualitative synthesis of interventions' effectiveness, extensiveness of theory use, and applied intervention techniques was conducted. Results: Twenty-six studies were included. Socio-Cognitive Theory was the most used theory, showing promising results in PA-only trials and mixed findings in multiple-behavior interventions. Mixed findings were observed for interventions based on the Theory of Planned Behavior and Transtheoretical Model. Limited findings were found in diet-only interventions. A large variability in the extensiveness of theory use, and in intervention techniques was found. Further research is required to understand how and why these interventions offer promise for improving behavior. Conclusions: Theory-based interventions seem to improve PA and diet behaviors in cancer survivors. Further studies, including thorough intervention descriptions, are needed to confirm these findings and identify the optimal features and content of lifestyle theory-based interventions for cancer survivors. Implications for cancer survivors: This systematic review can contribute to the development of more effective interventions to promote long-term adherence to healthy lifestyle behaviors.

The Health Economics of Allergic Diseases (HEAD) registry is a European-based registry developed by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in collaboration with national allergy societies to facilitate standardised allergic disease management. Using an observational design, this first registry-based study describes care patterns for allergic diseases and their impact on the healthcare system (diagnostic and management costs), society (missed work/school days and disability pension/support) and patients (out-of-pocket costs) in 778 adults and children with allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis and food allergy, from four countries (Belgium, Italy, Romania and Spain). The average total costs per patient and per year were €1329.55 ± 1947.39, with indirect costs of €338.68 ± 1629.61. Direct costs consisted of €82.74 ± 585.90 for hospitalisations, €17.50 ± 125.07 for the emergency department, €172.94 ± 323.17 for specialists, €22.70 ± 132.42 for primary care, €4.85 ± 136.84 for psychologists, €21.24 ± 82.47 for diagnosis and €104.81 ± 469.26 for treatments. Indirect costs were out-of-pocket consultation fees (€16.24 ± 106.40), medications (€161.90 ± 710.58), transportation (€44.15 ± 218.51), private insurance (€16.77 ± 157.91), avoidance (€8.65 ± 92.99) and environmental control (€99.33 ± 955.23). Adults missed 1.02 ± 3.20 workdays, children missed 0.53 ± 2.18 schooldays and burdened their families with 1.38 ± 13.83 lost days. There was a high degree of heterogeneity across countries for management patterns and for costs. The significant burden of allergic diseases calls for immediate action for better management.

O principal objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a importância do regresso de emigrantes portugueses durante a década de 2001-2011, tendo em conta o volume do regresso, os perfis sociodemográficos, as variações por países de emigração e a emergência de novas formas de mobilidade. Um objetivo particular consiste em produzir uma tipologia das formas de regresso: algumas mais associadas à visão tradicional da emigração na idade ativa e regresso na fase da reforma, outras indiciadoras de movimentos de tipo diferente, com regressos mais precoces durante a vida ativa. A observação de dados recentes permite descortinar algumas das novas modalidades de emigração, incluindo uma tendência crescente para a circulação.

Psychological impacts of Vitiligo have been demonstrated, and associations of the skin disease with anxiety and depression disorders have already been shown. However, it is still unclear the role of individuals’ personality factors, such as neuroticism, stress, and rumination, as well as sociodemographic characteristics of people with Vitiligo in such disorders. We conducted a study in a community sample of individuals with Vitiligo (N = 324) aiming to test the hypothesis that neuroticism, stress, and rumination are subjacent to these individuals’ anxiety and depression symptomatology. We also explored whether individuals’ gender might favor the onset or wors- ening of the psychological consequences of such disorders. Results showed that the relationship between neuroticism, anxiety and depression was mediated by stress and rumination (brooding), being this effect moderated by the participants’ gender. Specifically, women’s reflection and stress seemed to be important mechanisms to predict their anxiety and depression symptoms, whereas brooding predicts such disorders’ symptomatology in men with Vitiligo. These findings may guide future research and clinical interventions for this population, for which it is necessary to consider the psychological consequences of the disease and not just its physiological aspects.