Publicação
Where is the gap in the gender pay gap?
| Resumo: | In 1919, the ILO acknowledged the vital importance of equal pay for men and women for equal-value work, emphasising it as a critical component of social justice. Despite multiple EU and national programs addressing gender inequalities in the labour market, women continue to face these discrepancies in various EU member states (Vosko et al., 2009). Various measures (for example, the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and the European Community Equal Pay Directive) have been executed to remove all forms of gender discrimination in all aspects and circumstances of remuneration. The European Commission prioritises closing the gender pay gap, as stated in the Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025 (Leythienne & Pérez-Julián, 2021). However, according to Eurostat (2022), women still earn 13% less per hour than males, with large variations by country. Although the gender pay gap has decreased in most countries, there is no single solution or policy for achieving gender equality (Pascal & Lewis, 2004). Given the relevance of this problem, the purpose of the project is to answer the following questions: "What are the differences in gender pay gaps between European countries?" What are their causes and characteristics when they occur?" In addition to examining and comprehending the salary disparities between European countries, I am attempting to understand the reasons and specifics of these disparities. In other words, to understand why certain countries, such as Luxembourg, have such a small difference while others, such as Latvia, have a large gap. This is especially relevant to me because EU laws and regulations apply to the majority of countries, and human capital factors, such as educational qualifications, have already been shown to be responsible for just a small portion of the disparity. The question remains as to why some countries succeed in closing the gender pay gap while others do not. The gender wage gap is a well-studied issue that has been the topic of numerous national and international surveys, as well as investigations by organizations such as the International Labour Organization. In my case, my goal is to focus on the occurrence of this issue in European countries, by not only comparing hourly pay levels but also reviewing studies that can explain the causes and specificities behind this difference. This research will provide valuable insights into the factors contributing to gender pay gaps in Europe and inform potential policy interventions to promote gender equality in the region. By analyzing the variations in pay gaps and their underlying causes, we can work towards creating a more equitable and inclusive society for all individuals. |
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| Autores principais: | Latino, Carina Martins |
| Assunto: | Género Discrepância salarial Disparidade salarial Discriminação entre géneros no mercado de trabalho Gender Wage gap Gender pay gap Gender discrimination in the labor market |
| Ano: | 2024 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | dissertação de mestrado |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | ISCTE |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | Repositório ISCTE |
| Resumo: | In 1919, the ILO acknowledged the vital importance of equal pay for men and women for equal-value work, emphasising it as a critical component of social justice. Despite multiple EU and national programs addressing gender inequalities in the labour market, women continue to face these discrepancies in various EU member states (Vosko et al., 2009). Various measures (for example, the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and the European Community Equal Pay Directive) have been executed to remove all forms of gender discrimination in all aspects and circumstances of remuneration. The European Commission prioritises closing the gender pay gap, as stated in the Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025 (Leythienne & Pérez-Julián, 2021). However, according to Eurostat (2022), women still earn 13% less per hour than males, with large variations by country. Although the gender pay gap has decreased in most countries, there is no single solution or policy for achieving gender equality (Pascal & Lewis, 2004). Given the relevance of this problem, the purpose of the project is to answer the following questions: "What are the differences in gender pay gaps between European countries?" What are their causes and characteristics when they occur?" In addition to examining and comprehending the salary disparities between European countries, I am attempting to understand the reasons and specifics of these disparities. In other words, to understand why certain countries, such as Luxembourg, have such a small difference while others, such as Latvia, have a large gap. This is especially relevant to me because EU laws and regulations apply to the majority of countries, and human capital factors, such as educational qualifications, have already been shown to be responsible for just a small portion of the disparity. The question remains as to why some countries succeed in closing the gender pay gap while others do not. The gender wage gap is a well-studied issue that has been the topic of numerous national and international surveys, as well as investigations by organizations such as the International Labour Organization. In my case, my goal is to focus on the occurrence of this issue in European countries, by not only comparing hourly pay levels but also reviewing studies that can explain the causes and specificities behind this difference. This research will provide valuable insights into the factors contributing to gender pay gaps in Europe and inform potential policy interventions to promote gender equality in the region. By analyzing the variations in pay gaps and their underlying causes, we can work towards creating a more equitable and inclusive society for all individuals. |
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