Publicação
Energy efficiency for user-centric routing
| Resumo: | This document presents the outcome of the PhD work carried out within the context of the Doctoral Programme in Computer Science (MAP-i) of the Universities of Minho, Aveiro and Porto. The PhD work started in 2008 in the context of MAP-i which the author wishes to research in wireless networking, specifically related to Internet architecture layer 3. Then the scientific advisor presented a hot topic that considers recent advances in wireless technology such as Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), giving rise to new types of portable devices and to new types of connectivity models, e.g., User-centric Networks (UCN). The topic was exactly what the author wanted to work. We had meetings and did a roadmap for the thesis proposal in July 2009. The proposed roadmap was to develop novel routing metrics, algorithms, and if necessary, a protocol or improvements to existing protocols, for scenarios where information routing may be provided by end-user devices, and where networking nodes are essentially characterized by having restricted networking resources (energy) and a highly nomadic behavior. During this phase, the analysis of a set of routing families and protocols to user-centric environments provided us grounds to further focus on energy-efficiency routing aspects, as energy efficiency is key aspect due the global warming. There is a global effort concerning ways to improve the network operation in regards to such efficiency. Then, the brainstorming phase covered the related work on energy-efficient routing metrics and approaches, which we have found a gap regarding energy-aware metrics for multihop routing that considers heterogeneous mobile devices. As user-centric wireless environments rely on traditional multihop routing approaches, in order to provide energy efficiency in UCNs, this document discusses the potential of current energy-aware routing approaches for wireless networks, and whether or not they may make sense when applied to routing in user-centric environments. It also proposes concepts that could assist in making multihop routing more efficient in terms of energy awareness that consider heterogeneous devices, without necessarily having to change operational aspects of the underlying algorithms, or protocols. Then, we propose and validate heuristics to improve network lifetime based on current multihop approaches. This line of thought has been debated where we propose and validate a new set of routing metrics which provide nodes with an energy-aware ranking based on existing notions such as energy consumption models, energy capacity of a node, as well as residual energy of a node. Out of such work stem two types of metrics: i) a metric that takes into consideration the perspective of a single node (father), the Energy-awareness Node Ranking (ENR); ii) a second metric that takes into consideration the perspective of both the father and son nodes - potential successors available in a path, the Energy-awareness Father-Son (EFS) metric. Hence, this thesis discusses and validates energy-aware routing metrics which can be applied to any available routing protocol. It validates the performance of the metrics based on two main branches of multihop routing, namely, link-state and distance-vector approaches. The validation is performed based upon discrete event simulations. Such metrics have been validated in the context of the Ad-Hoc on-demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol and of the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol, where we have proved significant improvements when applied to those protocols. The evaluation shows that the metrics significantly improve network lifetime, without incurring significant penalties in terms of network operation. In order to validate the metrics in real test bed, we have submitted a routing architecture specification for energy-aware metrics to the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as an Internet Draft to the ROLL working group. Besides AODV and OLSR, we also discuss the applicability of the proposed metrics in Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL), because of its relevance in the context of the IETF as a potential standard related to the Green Internet. |
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| Autores principais: | Oliveira Júnior, António Carlos de |
| Assunto: | Ciências Naturais::Ciências da Computação e da Informação |
| Ano: | 2014 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | tese de doutoramento |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso restrito |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade do Minho |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | RepositóriUM - Universidade do Minho |
| Resumo: | This document presents the outcome of the PhD work carried out within the context of the Doctoral Programme in Computer Science (MAP-i) of the Universities of Minho, Aveiro and Porto. The PhD work started in 2008 in the context of MAP-i which the author wishes to research in wireless networking, specifically related to Internet architecture layer 3. Then the scientific advisor presented a hot topic that considers recent advances in wireless technology such as Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), giving rise to new types of portable devices and to new types of connectivity models, e.g., User-centric Networks (UCN). The topic was exactly what the author wanted to work. We had meetings and did a roadmap for the thesis proposal in July 2009. The proposed roadmap was to develop novel routing metrics, algorithms, and if necessary, a protocol or improvements to existing protocols, for scenarios where information routing may be provided by end-user devices, and where networking nodes are essentially characterized by having restricted networking resources (energy) and a highly nomadic behavior. During this phase, the analysis of a set of routing families and protocols to user-centric environments provided us grounds to further focus on energy-efficiency routing aspects, as energy efficiency is key aspect due the global warming. There is a global effort concerning ways to improve the network operation in regards to such efficiency. Then, the brainstorming phase covered the related work on energy-efficient routing metrics and approaches, which we have found a gap regarding energy-aware metrics for multihop routing that considers heterogeneous mobile devices. As user-centric wireless environments rely on traditional multihop routing approaches, in order to provide energy efficiency in UCNs, this document discusses the potential of current energy-aware routing approaches for wireless networks, and whether or not they may make sense when applied to routing in user-centric environments. It also proposes concepts that could assist in making multihop routing more efficient in terms of energy awareness that consider heterogeneous devices, without necessarily having to change operational aspects of the underlying algorithms, or protocols. Then, we propose and validate heuristics to improve network lifetime based on current multihop approaches. This line of thought has been debated where we propose and validate a new set of routing metrics which provide nodes with an energy-aware ranking based on existing notions such as energy consumption models, energy capacity of a node, as well as residual energy of a node. Out of such work stem two types of metrics: i) a metric that takes into consideration the perspective of a single node (father), the Energy-awareness Node Ranking (ENR); ii) a second metric that takes into consideration the perspective of both the father and son nodes - potential successors available in a path, the Energy-awareness Father-Son (EFS) metric. Hence, this thesis discusses and validates energy-aware routing metrics which can be applied to any available routing protocol. It validates the performance of the metrics based on two main branches of multihop routing, namely, link-state and distance-vector approaches. The validation is performed based upon discrete event simulations. Such metrics have been validated in the context of the Ad-Hoc on-demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol and of the Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol, where we have proved significant improvements when applied to those protocols. The evaluation shows that the metrics significantly improve network lifetime, without incurring significant penalties in terms of network operation. In order to validate the metrics in real test bed, we have submitted a routing architecture specification for energy-aware metrics to the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) as an Internet Draft to the ROLL working group. Besides AODV and OLSR, we also discuss the applicability of the proposed metrics in Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks (RPL), because of its relevance in the context of the IETF as a potential standard related to the Green Internet. |
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