Publicação
Bioinspired organic-inorganic nanocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
| Resumo: | Bone tissue is an organic-inorganic composite, showing an extracellular matrix (ECM) that is heavily mineralized on the nanoscale, that constitutes the body skeleton and is crucial for locomotion. It is mostly composed of apatite crystals embedded within and between the collagen fibers and noncollagenous proteins (NCPs), which are thought to play an active role on the nanoscale biomineralization process. Several tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) strategies have been proposed combining inorganic and/or organic biomaterials, progenitor cells, and biochemical stimuli. Despite the increased levels of success towards bone regeneration, there are no strategies that fully and successfully replicate the true complexity of bone tissue and the nanoscale biomineralization microenvironment. Herein, we propose a biomimetic strategy where a bioactive cryogel scaffold based on platelet lysate (PL) crosslinked through aldehyde-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals (a-CNCs) incorporates mineralized CNCs (m-CNCs) in order to replicate the nanoscale biomineralization process and microenvironment and promote the osteogenic differentiation of progenitor/stem cells. Moreover, we intended to mimic the native non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) role on regulating the deposition of both intra- and extrafibrillar apatite in collagen with the m-CNCs. The developed cryogels enhanced stem cell proliferation, metabolic activity, and alkaline phosphatase activity as well as up-regulated the expression of bon-related markers, without osteogenic supplementation, demonstrating their osteoinductive properties. Ultimately, the proposed nanoscale mineralized cryogel scaffolds provide an alternative with a great level of biomimicry that may be applied in broad bone regenerative approaches. |
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| Autores principais: | Ribeiro, João Pedro Fernandes |
| Assunto: | Nanoscale biomineralization Non-collagenous proteins Cryogels Cellulose nanocrystals Hydroxyapatite Platelet lysate Biomineralização à nanoescala Proteínas não colágenas Criógeis Nanocristais de celulose Hidroxiapatite Lisado de plaquetas Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Mecânica |
| Ano: | 2021 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | dissertação de mestrado |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade do Minho |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | RepositóriUM - Universidade do Minho |
| Resumo: | Bone tissue is an organic-inorganic composite, showing an extracellular matrix (ECM) that is heavily mineralized on the nanoscale, that constitutes the body skeleton and is crucial for locomotion. It is mostly composed of apatite crystals embedded within and between the collagen fibers and noncollagenous proteins (NCPs), which are thought to play an active role on the nanoscale biomineralization process. Several tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) strategies have been proposed combining inorganic and/or organic biomaterials, progenitor cells, and biochemical stimuli. Despite the increased levels of success towards bone regeneration, there are no strategies that fully and successfully replicate the true complexity of bone tissue and the nanoscale biomineralization microenvironment. Herein, we propose a biomimetic strategy where a bioactive cryogel scaffold based on platelet lysate (PL) crosslinked through aldehyde-functionalized cellulose nanocrystals (a-CNCs) incorporates mineralized CNCs (m-CNCs) in order to replicate the nanoscale biomineralization process and microenvironment and promote the osteogenic differentiation of progenitor/stem cells. Moreover, we intended to mimic the native non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) role on regulating the deposition of both intra- and extrafibrillar apatite in collagen with the m-CNCs. The developed cryogels enhanced stem cell proliferation, metabolic activity, and alkaline phosphatase activity as well as up-regulated the expression of bon-related markers, without osteogenic supplementation, demonstrating their osteoinductive properties. Ultimately, the proposed nanoscale mineralized cryogel scaffolds provide an alternative with a great level of biomimicry that may be applied in broad bone regenerative approaches. |
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