Publicação
Surveillance of antimicrobial consumption in animals
| Resumo: | Objective: The use of antimicrobial medicines is essential for the survival of humans and animals whereas the antimicrobial resistance, as a natural phenomenon, is essential for bacteria to survive too and in consequence, the most prudent use of those substances is definitely a decision factor for both human and veterinary medicine. The close relationship between human and animal health has been recently recognized as the one health perspective, although such concept has in fact been the baseline of the genesis of the veterinary medicine and it is associated to almost every veterinary practice until these days as reflected in all the produced Community legislation for this sector, particularly regarding the veterinary medicines. There are in fact, much specificity regulating the human health and the animal health sectors, requiring a better knowledge and acquaintance of both regulatory traits to complement each other actions onto the same objective of reducing the use of antimicrobial substances. Methodologies: For that purpose and simultaneously, available accurate data are necessary regarding antimicrobial consumption and bacterial resistance, using data collection models that may ensure consistency when applied and credibility when interpreted as results. Antimicrobial consumption data collection in the different animal species is a very complex procedure, considering that the antimicrobial massive use is not confined to the animal health care units but to all farms where the veterinary medicines are mainly used as a production factor to obtain healthy animals and safe food from those animals for human consumption, with a degree of quality compatible with the production costs. Otherwise, food would be too scarce and expensive, and the animal diseases could also affect humans. It is essential that the data collection models to monitor antimicrobial consumption in animals and the resistance detection methodologies are harmonized and may produce accurate results as much as possible, for implementation and/or development of the appropriated veterinary surveillance systems and for the reinforcement of optimized inspections by the competent authorities, It is significant the harmonization level already achieved by the ESVAC project but the accuracy of the obtained results can however be still improved for the benefit of further research on the antimicrobial resistance epidemiological links and to increase adhesion by the different European Union countries, to greater transparency of the national managements on a subject without borders. Results: Analysing the ESVAC project for monitoring and surveillance of the antimicrobial consumption in animals by species, it may be concluded that the sales data should not be assumed as national consumptions and data accuracy is on this particular, very important to develop alternative approaches to that proxy, because at this stage, it is already possible to assess antimicrobial consumptions in animals, by species and by life-cycles, supporting the ESVAC´s continuity. There is still space for further improvement of the veterinary integrated surveillance systems regarding accuracy and regulatory measures, including those proposed for the revision of the Community legislation on veterinary medicines and on medicated feed that can be facilitators of the ESVAC project´s implementation and development. This review should be however extensive to the environment legislation, and regarding the water´s Directive in particular, in relation to the antimicrobial contamination, because the role of the environment in antimicrobial resistance is crucial. Conclusions: Surveillance and management are main steps to develop the adequate strategies against microbial resistance, involving the different areas of knowledge that are needed to fight it building capacity and defending accuracy based on sound science criteria. Transversality and interconnection between veterinary medicines and medicated feed is essential but standardization and full harmonization is paramount within a Community project such as the ESVAC. |
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| Autores principais: | Ponte, Maria Helena Silvares Teodoro da 1964- |
| Assunto: | Teses de doutoramento - 2017 |
| Ano: | 2017 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | tese de doutoramento |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade de Lisboa |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa |
| Resumo: | Objective: The use of antimicrobial medicines is essential for the survival of humans and animals whereas the antimicrobial resistance, as a natural phenomenon, is essential for bacteria to survive too and in consequence, the most prudent use of those substances is definitely a decision factor for both human and veterinary medicine. The close relationship between human and animal health has been recently recognized as the one health perspective, although such concept has in fact been the baseline of the genesis of the veterinary medicine and it is associated to almost every veterinary practice until these days as reflected in all the produced Community legislation for this sector, particularly regarding the veterinary medicines. There are in fact, much specificity regulating the human health and the animal health sectors, requiring a better knowledge and acquaintance of both regulatory traits to complement each other actions onto the same objective of reducing the use of antimicrobial substances. Methodologies: For that purpose and simultaneously, available accurate data are necessary regarding antimicrobial consumption and bacterial resistance, using data collection models that may ensure consistency when applied and credibility when interpreted as results. Antimicrobial consumption data collection in the different animal species is a very complex procedure, considering that the antimicrobial massive use is not confined to the animal health care units but to all farms where the veterinary medicines are mainly used as a production factor to obtain healthy animals and safe food from those animals for human consumption, with a degree of quality compatible with the production costs. Otherwise, food would be too scarce and expensive, and the animal diseases could also affect humans. It is essential that the data collection models to monitor antimicrobial consumption in animals and the resistance detection methodologies are harmonized and may produce accurate results as much as possible, for implementation and/or development of the appropriated veterinary surveillance systems and for the reinforcement of optimized inspections by the competent authorities, It is significant the harmonization level already achieved by the ESVAC project but the accuracy of the obtained results can however be still improved for the benefit of further research on the antimicrobial resistance epidemiological links and to increase adhesion by the different European Union countries, to greater transparency of the national managements on a subject without borders. Results: Analysing the ESVAC project for monitoring and surveillance of the antimicrobial consumption in animals by species, it may be concluded that the sales data should not be assumed as national consumptions and data accuracy is on this particular, very important to develop alternative approaches to that proxy, because at this stage, it is already possible to assess antimicrobial consumptions in animals, by species and by life-cycles, supporting the ESVAC´s continuity. There is still space for further improvement of the veterinary integrated surveillance systems regarding accuracy and regulatory measures, including those proposed for the revision of the Community legislation on veterinary medicines and on medicated feed that can be facilitators of the ESVAC project´s implementation and development. This review should be however extensive to the environment legislation, and regarding the water´s Directive in particular, in relation to the antimicrobial contamination, because the role of the environment in antimicrobial resistance is crucial. Conclusions: Surveillance and management are main steps to develop the adequate strategies against microbial resistance, involving the different areas of knowledge that are needed to fight it building capacity and defending accuracy based on sound science criteria. Transversality and interconnection between veterinary medicines and medicated feed is essential but standardization and full harmonization is paramount within a Community project such as the ESVAC. |
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