Author(s):
Antos, Joanna ; García-Cansino, Laura ; Ángeles García, María ; Ginter-Kramarczyk, Dobrochna ; Marina, María Luisa ; Zembrzuska, Joanna ; Câmara, José S. ; Pereira, Jorge A. M. ; Câmara, José ; Augusto Machado Pereira, Jorge
Date: 2025
Persistent ID: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.13/7323
Origin: DigitUMa - Repositório da Universidade da Madeira
Subject(s): Veterinary antibiotics; Methodology to survey veterinary antibiotics; µSPEed microextraction; .; Centro de Química da Madeira; Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia
Description
A μSPEed microextraction combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with UV detection was developed for analysing six veterinary antibiotics (tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim) in environmental samples. To optimise extraction, 12 sorbent cartridges, sample loading cycles, volumes, and pH were assayed. The PS/DVB-RP cartridge, three 250 μL sample loading cycles, and two 50-µL elutions with acidified methanol yielded maximum efficiency. The method was validated with optimised fast chromatographic separation, showing good linearity (R2 > 0.99), precision (RSD < 20%), and recoveries between 46-86%. Detection and quantification limits ranged from 0.30-1.23 μg L−1 and 0.92-3.73 μg L−1 , respectively. The optimised μSPEed/UPLC-PDA efficiently analysed environmental water samples, requiring only 6 min extraction, 6 min analysis, and 500 μL sample, surpassing alternative methods in speed, workloads and reproducibility. The cost-effective, commercially available equipment facilitates accessibility for laboratories and adaptability for analysing selected antibiotics in diverse matrices, including food and environmental samples.
