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National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China
National Science Foundation of China
U.S. Department of Energy
U.S. National Science Foundation
Ministry of Science and Education of Spain
Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom
Higher Education Funding Council for England
National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics at the Ohio State University
Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy at Texas AM University
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey
University of California at Santa Cruz
University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid
DES-Brazil Consortium
University of Edinburgh
Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich
Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat Munchen
NSF's NOIRLab
University of Nottingham
University of Portsmouth
OzDES Membership Consortium
National Science Foundation
MICINN
ERDF
European Union - CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya
European Research Council under the European Union
ERC
U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics
We quantify evolution in the cluster-scale stellar mass-halo mass (SMHM) relation's parameters using 2323 clusters and brightest central galaxies (BCGs) over the redshift range 0.03 <= z <= 0.60. The precision on the inferred SMHM parameters is improved by including the magnitude gap (m (gap)) between the BCG and fourth-brightest cluster member (M14) as a third parameter in the SMHM relation. At fixed halo mass, accounting for m (gap), through a stretch parameter, reduces the SMHM relation's intrinsic scatter. To explore this redshift range, we use clusters, BCGs, and cluster members identified using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey C4 and redMaPPer cluster catalogs and the Dark Energy Survey redMaPPer catalog. Through this joint analysis, we detect no systematic differences in BCG stellar mass, m (gap), and cluster mass (inferred from richness) between the data sets. We utilize the Pareto function to quantify each parameter's evolution. We confirm prior findings of negative evolution in the SMHM relation's slope (3.5 sigma), and detect negative evolution in the stretch parameter (4.0 sigma) and positive evolution in the offset parameter (5.8 sigma). This observed evolution, combined with the absence of BCG growth, when stellar mass is measured within 50 kpc, suggests that this evolution results from changes in the cluster's m (gap). For this to occur, late-term growth must be in the intracluster light surrounding the BCG. We also compare the observed results to IllustrisTNG 300-1 cosmological hydrodynamic simulations and find modest qualitative agreement. However, the simulations lack the evolutionary features detected in the real data.
Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Dept Astron, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China
Univ Michigan, Dept Astron, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, POB 500, Batavia, IL 60510 USA
Lab Interinst E Astron LIneA, Rua Gal Jose Cristino 77, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Observ Nacl, Rua Gal Jose Cristino 77, BR-20921400 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
NSFs Natl Opt Infrared Astron Res Lab, Cerro Tololo Interamer Observ, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Univ Portsmouth, Inst Cosmol & Gravitat, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England
Inst Astrophys Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France
UPMC Univ Paris 06, Sorbonne Univ, Inst Astrophys Paris, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France
UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, England
Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA
Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain
Natl Ctr Supercomp Applicat, Ctr Astrophys Surveys, 1205 West Clark St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 1002 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya IEEC, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
CSIC, Inst Space Sci ICE, Campus UAB,Caner Can Magrans S-N, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
Univ Trieste, Dept Phys, Astron Unit, Via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy
INAF Osservatorio Astron Trieste, Via GB Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy
Inst Fundamental Phys Universe, Via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, Italy
Ctr Invest Energet Medioambientales & Tecnol CIEM, Madrid, Spain
IIT Hyderabad, Dept Phys, Kandi 502285, Telangana, India
Santa Cruz Inst Particle Phys, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
Univ Oslo, Inst Theoret Astrophys, POB 1029 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway
Univ Autonoma Madrid, Inst Fis Teor UAM CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
Stanford Univ, Kavli Inst Particle Astrophys & Cosmol, POB 2450, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
SLAC Natl Accelerator Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA
Univ Geneva, Dept Astron, Ch Ecogia 16, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland
Univ Queensland, Sch Math & Phys, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
Ohio State Univ, Ctr Cosmol & Astroparticle Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Fac Phys, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany
Ctr Astrophys Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
Univ Arizona, Dept Astron, Steward Observ, 933 North Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
Macquarie Univ, Australian Astron Opt, N Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
Lowell Observ, 1400 Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA
Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis, Dept Fis Matemat, CP 66318, BR-05314970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
Texas A&M Univ, George P & Cynthia Woods Mitchell Inst Fundamenta, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
Princeton Univ, Dept Astrophys Sci, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
Inst Catalana Recerca & Estudis Avancats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
Barcelona Inst Sci & Technol, Inst Fis Altes Energies IFAE, Campus UAB, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
Max Planck Inst Extraterr Phys, Giessenbachstr, D-85748 Garching, Germany
Univ Wisconsin, Phys Dept, 2320 Chamberlin Hall,1150 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA
Univ Cambridge, Inst Astron, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0HA, England
Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Pevensey Bldg, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England
Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Inst Fis, Caixa Postal 15051, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Univ Southampton, Sch Phys & Astron, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England
Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Comp Sci & Math Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA
Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Fak Phys, Univ Sternwarte, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany
Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Fis Teor, Sao Paulo, Brazil
National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China: 2018YFA0404504
National Science Foundation of China: 11873038
National Science Foundation of China: 11890692
OzDES Membership Consortium: 2012B-0001
National Science Foundation: AST-1138766
National Science Foundation: AST-1536171
MICINN: ESP2017-89838
MICINN: PGC2018-094773
MICINN: PGC2018-102021
MICINN: SEV-2016-0588
MICINN: SEV-2016-0597
MICINN: MDM-2015-0509
ERC: 240672
ERC: 291329
ERC: 306478
CNPq: 465376/2014-2
CNPq: DE-AC02-07CH11359
