The aim of the present work was to study the morphology and structure of the nanoparticles produced by femtosecond laser ablation of fused silica. Ultrashort laser pulses of 1030 nm wavelength and 550 fs duration were tightly focused by a high numerical aperture microscope objective at the surface of fused silica samples while scanning the sample in relation to the stationary laser beam. Laser tracks were created with pulse energies in the range 5-100 mu J, resulting in ablation debris of different morphologies. The debris were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy for their morphology and crystal structure in relation to the incident laser pulse energy. Ejected particles with sizes ranging from a few nanometers to a few microns were found. Their morphologies can be broadly classified into three categories: very fine round nanoparticles with diameters lower than 20 nm, nanoparticles with intermediate sizes between 50 and 200 nm, and big irregular particles with typical size between 0.5 and 1.5 mu m. The fine nanoparticles of the first category are predominantly observed at higher pulse energies and tend to aggregate to form web-like and arborescent-like structures. The nanoparticles with intermediate sizes are observed for all pulse energies used and may appear isolated or aggregated in clusters. Finally, the larger irregular particles of the third category are observed for all energies and appear normally isolated.

The aim of this work was to develop a bioactive bone substitute with an effective antibacterial ability based on a cerium (Ce) doped glass-reinforced hydroxyapatite (GR-HA) composite. Developed composites were physicochemically characterized, using x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, SEM, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and flexural bending strength (FBS) tests. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was performed to analyze the oxidation state of Ce in the prepared doped glass. The antimicrobial activity of the composites was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; whether the cytocompatibility profile was assayed with human osteoblastic-like cells (Mg-63 cell line). The results revealed that the Ce inclusion in the GR-HA matrix induced the antimicrobial ability of the composite. In addition, Ce-doped materials reported an adequate biological behavior following seeding of osteoblastic populations, by inducing cell adhesion and proliferation. Developed materials were also found to enhance the expression of osteoblastic-related genes. Overall, the developed GR-HA_Ce composite is a prospective candidate to be used within the clinical scenario with a successful performance due to the effective antibacterial properties and capability of enhancing the osteoblastic cell response.

The use of glass in construction has been increasing due to its sustainability, aesthetics, and functionality. In the last decades, glass has come to be used as a structural element, but still has little normative reference. The present dissertation aims at investigating the use of glass and its applicability in structural elements. In addition to its physical characterization, the step-by-step design of structural glass panels was detailed from the North American standards ASTM E1300 (2016), ASTM E2751 (2017), the European pre-standard prEN 16612 (2013) and the Australian standard AS 1288 (2006), since in Brazil there is no standards that approach the subject and in Europe the standard is on development phase. In addition to the normative analysis, glass elements were tested in the laboratory as glass and beams to analyze its behavior and a model of a walkway with glass structural elements were studied using the software ©DLUBAL – RFEM 5.16.

Superhydrophobic surfaces have been widely explored by the scientific community and commercial market due to their remarkable properties as these surfaces are expected to repel water and show self-cleaning properties. These surfaces induce the beading of water drops, repelling them and dragging the accumulated dirt on the surface with them. This kind of surfaces has a wide range of applications. The present study is the result of a partnership between a private company, Extermínio, and the R&D centre, CQM (a National Research Laboratory). The goal of this partnership was the development of a superhydrophobic coating that could be applied to already existing surfaces, namely textiles and commercial glass, in order to turn them into superhydrophobic surfaces with the aim of making them easier to clean and increasing their durability, consequently decreasing the chemical products consumption used in those processes. For textiles, the selected samples were table linen, namely 100% cotton samples, both white and coloured and 50%/50% polyester/cotton coloured samples, and for commercial glass samples, flat glass was chosen. Different variables were considered when developing the coating solutions: pre-treated (chemically etched) and non-treated surfaces; different formulations but all silica-based (SiO2 10nm, SiO2 20nm and SiO2-PDMS); diverse solvents system; different concentrations; coating methods (dip coating and spray coating); number of coating layers; durability of the coatings (1hour, 24hours and 2 months) and contact angle measurements (24hours and 2 months). The different variables tested showed distinct results on both type of samples, but regarding the nanoparticles used, the SiO2-PDMS nanoparticles were the ones that revealed the best results. Lasting hydrophobic results were achieved for both type of samples (θ≥126°) which is an indicator that these coatings will ease the cleaning process and increase the durability the surfaces. No superhydrophobicity was attained (θ=180°), and therefore no self-cleaning property is expected from these coatings. The accomplished results are promising. More tests should be performed to understand the relationsip between the surface and the applied coatings. The first part of this dissertation is the presentation of the project framework and motivation that lead to its development as well as the intended goals. The work methodology and its structure are also briefly explained. The second part is dedicated to the theoretical introduction, in order to facilitate the concepts perception of this subject, starting with the historical perspective of superhydrophobic surfaces and its applications, as well as theoretical concepts as wettability and contact angle, surface roughness, contact angle hysteresis and measurements, as well as the creation of superhydrophobic surfaces. On the third part, the materials and methods applied to the development of the laboratory activities are described. The forth part is dedicated to explaining the choices of approach and also the presentation of the obtained results and its interpretation. Lastly, the fifth part is about the conclusions of the present work, as well as the learning’s and main difficulties found and some suggestion about future work that could be done to follow up the study carried out in this essay.

A aplicação do vidro na construção tem registado, ao longo do tempo, um crescimento gradual na construção civil, com múltiplos propósitos, tais como janelas, guarda corpos, pavimento entre outros. O desenvolvimento tecnológico e a investigação científica têm contribuído para a introdução de novas técnicas de produção e emprego deste material, deixando a sua utilização à mercê da criatividade dos arquitetos. Um dos objetivos deste trabalho é analisar a evolução do uso do vidro como material de construção civil, desde o seu descobrimento até aos dias atuais, demonstrando as tecnologias utilizadas na sua fabricação, especificação e instalação. Este material apresenta um conjunto de características mecânicas que, do ponto de vista estrutural, oferecem algumas limitações a serem devidamente acauteladas, sendo a mais relevante a sua fragilidade quando quer vencer vãos de grande dimensão. A presente dissertação procura explorar os referidos limites, culminando com a realização de um estudo sobre o cálculo da espessura de um vidro, a aplicar numa fachada de uma habitação, sendo apresentadas quatro soluções para o respetivo apuramento. Considerando que, por regra, as características dos vidros a serem aplicados nas obras são determinadas com recurso à opinião das vidreiras, neste trabalho foi igualmente estabelecida uma comparação entre alguns métodos de cálculo para determinar a sua espessura e uma solução apresentada por uma vidreira. Assim, esta dissertação visa auxiliar na seleção e especificação dos vidros a aplicar em diferentes cenários, e que, de uma escolha informada e atualizada, seja selecionado o material que maximize o conforto dos seus utilizadores e a eficácia da luz natural, reduzindo o consumo de energia.

Feldspato é o nome dado a uma importante família de minerais, do grupo dos tectossilicatos, que compõem o material rochoso de mais de 60% da crusta terrestre. Estes minerais são constituintes essenciais da maior parte das rochas cristalinas e a sua importância é tal que o seu estudo constitui um capítulo fundamental da petrografia. Dada a sua grande incidência na crusta terrestre, os feldspatos ocorrem em diversos cenários geológicos, desde os depósitos pegmatitos, aos aplitos, granitos, sienitos nefelínicos e ainda areias feldspáticas. As suas características químicas, físicas e mineralógicas fazem com que este grupo de minerais esteja presente nas mais diversificadas indústrias, tais como a vidreira, cerâmica, tintas, borrachas, plásticos, abrasivos ligeiros, elétrodos de soldadura, entre outros. Em Portugal, as principais unidades produtoras de feldspatos encontram‐se distribuídas pelo Norte e Centro do país, mais concretamente pelos distritos de Viana do Castelo, Braga, Vila Real, Porto, Viseu e Guarda. Novos estudos geológicos acompanhados de prospeções, nomeadamente na região do maciço central, têm sido efetuados com vista à descoberta de novos depósitos com potencial para exploração deste importante mineral. O depósito aplítico da Argemela, no concelho do Fundão apresenta‐se como um depósito cujas dimensões e qualidade apresentadas indicam a possibilidade de exploração. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho consiste em analisar e caracterizar os materiais presentes na quele depósito mineral, tendo em vista a respectiva aplicação industrial, e posteriormente propor uma instalação de processamento do material para que o mesmo seja comercializado. Também será objeto deste trabalho a análise da viabilidade económica do projeto, mais concretamente fazendo a previsão do investimento inicial de modo a somar os custos de produção correntes e avaliar o retorno com base na comercialização do material no modo “Ex Works”.

A transmission electron microscopy study of nanogratings formed in bulk amorphous silica by direct writing with an ultrafast pulsed laser with a radiation wavelength of 1030 nm and pulse duration of 560 fs is presented. The results achieved show that the nanogratings are composed of planar nanostructures with an average periodicity of 250 nm and typical thickness of about 30 nm, consisting of alternating layers of heavily damaged material and layers of material where a dense precipitation of nanocrystals occurred. The crystallization of silica to form these nanocrystals can be explained by the large pressures and temperatures reached in these regions as a result of nanoplasma formation and recombination. (C) 2013 Optical Society of America

The aim of the present work was to characterize the internal structure of nanogratings generated inside bulk fused silica by ultrafast laser processing and to study the influence of diluted hydrofluoric acid etching on their structure. The nanogratings were inscribed at a depth of 100 mu m within fused silica wafers by a direct writing method, using 1030 nm radiation wavelength and the following processing parameters: E = 5 mu J, tau = 560 fs, f = 10 kHz, and v = 100 mu m/s. The results achieved show that the laser-affected regions are elongated ellipsoids with a typical major diameter of about 30 mu m and a minor diameter of about 6 mu m. The nanogratings within these regions are composed of alternating nanoplanes of damaged and undamaged material, with an average periodicity of 351 +/- 21 nm. The damaged nanoplanes contain nanopores randomly dispersed in a material containing a large density of defects. These nanopores present a roughly bimodal size distribution with average dimensions for each class of pores 65 +/- 20 x 16 +/- 8 x 69 +/- 16 nm(3) and 367 +/- 239 x 16 +/- 8 x 360 +/- 194 nm(3), respectively. The number and size of the nanopores increases drastically when an hydrofluoric acid treatment is performed, leading to the coalescence of these voids into large planar discontinuities parallel to the nanoplanes. The preferential etching of the damaged material by the hydrofluoric acid solution, which is responsible for the pores growth and coalescence, confirms its high defect density. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.

O cimento é um ligante que permite fazer diversas construções. Este material é constituído maioritariamente por clínquer, material sintético obtido a partir da cozedura, a altas temperaturas, de diversos materiais ricos essencialmente em óxidos de cálcio e sílica. A produção de clínquer implica um grande gasto de matérias-primas e de energia e, por este motivo, tende a substituir-se cada vez mais parte do clínquer por outros materiais que não afetem o desempenho do cimento. As pozolanas são materiais silico-aluminosos com capacidade de melhorar algumas características do cimento depois de seco, podendo ser usadas para diminuir a percentagem de clínquer no mesmo. Neste trabalho pretendeu testar-se a aptidão de resíduos de vidros como material pozolânico, tendo sido testados três vidros diferentes: vidro verde, castanho e para-brisas de um automóvel e em diferentes percentagens de incorporação. Foram feitos ensaios de pozolanicidade diretos, ensaio de Frattini, e indiretos, Índice de Atividade Pozolânica, às misturas do cimento de referência, CEM I 42,5R, com os vários tipos de vidros nas diferentes percentagens de incorporação. Foram também ensaiadas algumas características químicas selecionadas e tempos de início e fim de presa de modo a verificar se o produto final cumpre a norma nacional, NP EN 4220, dedicada a utilização de pozolanas no cimento. Taxas de substituição de 45% de qualquer um dos tipos de vidro mostraram não poder ser utilizadas devido à grande quantidade de álcalis presentes na mistura. Para o para-brisas, a taxa de 35% de substituição demonstrou ter efeitos positivos na argamassa final, uma vez que, para além de todos os critérios químicos e tempo de início de presa serem garantidos, houve ainda um incremento nas resistências mecânicas face ao critério de aceitação.

La Monte Young – que trabalhara com Stockhausen – dera o mote, ainda nos anos sessenta, um mote que iria ser principalmente desenvolvido por Terry Riley, Steve Reich e Philip Glass – a geração que nascera na segunda metade dos anos 30, e que irá ter uma influência determinante na música norte americana a partir dos anos 70. Oposto à complexidade estruturalista da música europeia, o minimalismo triunfa e deixa um rasto de sucesso em várias árias da produção musical justamente a partir do exemplo de Einstein on the Beach, de Philip Glass, que, em muitos sentidos, aparece como uma obra inaugural.

In the late 1990s and early 2010, archaeological excavations were conducted in three neighbouring streets of the old part of the city of Almada (Lisbon South bay), where medieval residential complexes were brought to light. Among the materials found in the Pátio Prior do Crato and Rua Latino Coelho, a group of glass fragments is dated between the 14th and 16th centuries. In addition, the glass assemblage of Rua da Judiaria counts more than 1,200 fragments covering a time span from the 12th to the 19th century, including some objects that have been identified as luxurious due to their decorations. This work integrates archaeological and archaeometric research and focuses on glass dating between the 14th and 16th centuries from these excavations in Almada. The combination of results intends to provide a first glimpse of glass usage and circulation in the southern area of Lisbon during the late medieval period.

This work reflects on beads in relationships between Europeans, Africans, and American natives during the conquest and colonization of the New World, most notably the specific impact on the local communities of the Mexico Valley who had not seen artificial glass until the Spanish conquest, and investigates its meaning as an incorporation of the 'European exotic' in the Americas. This is an effort to break with a mono-directional view of these phenomena, highlighting indigenous agency, while simultaneously showing the impact of their bodies decorated with beads in later European assessment of these ornaments. To do so, we selectedthe archaeological collection from San Gabriel de Tacuba (Mexico), which presents a complex context in which beads allowed movement between the world of the living and the dead, between pre-Hispanic and viceroyalty culture, or between medieval and modern representations of Europeans.

Los vidrios son un tema preterido en los trabajos de historia virreinal, incluso por las especialidades de arte y arqueología que se dedican a los diferentes ámbitos de la cultura material. El vacío existente plantea un enorme campo de estudio pero, en esta ocasión, nos centramos en las prácticas de consumo de vidrio por parte de las mujeres limeñas, a lo largo del siglo XVIII. Al destacar sus gustos y preferencias se ponen de relieve sus agencias indirectas en la manufactura y comercialización de este material y, sobre todo, la existencia de una producción local que estuvo lejos de circunscribirse al aprovisionamiento del sector vitivinícola, en el marco del cual se vienen interpretando las creaciones de los hornos de Ica. Finalmente, al adoptar la perspectiva de género para acercarnos a los escenarios materiales de la vida cotidiana, accedemos a las narrativas artefactuales que ellas construyeron. Así se ha logrado captar su conexión con cierto tipo de prácticas coleccionistas Glasses are a neglected subject in the Peruvian history, even in the art and archaeology fieldworks, devoted to the different aspects of material culture. This knowledge gap generates a huge field of study but, this time, we focus on the practices of glass consumption by Peruvian women, throughout the 18th century. By highlighting their tastes and preferences, we underline their indirect agencies in the manufacture and trade of this material and, above all, the existence of a local production that was far from being limited to the supply of the wine sector, within the framework of which the researchers have understood the creations of the Ica kilns. Finally, by adopting the gender perspective to approach the material scenarios of daily life, we access the artifactual narratives they composed. Thus, it has been possible to capture their connection with a certain kind of collecting practices.

A escavação de parte do espaço onde se erguia o Convento de Santana de Lisboa (sécs XVI-XIX), proporcionou não só o conhecimento de algumas das suas estruturas, como milhares de artefactos ou os seus fragmentos, entre os quais se contam adereços de vidro. Nestes incluímos anéis, braceletes e significativa colecção de contas, procedentes de lixeiras ou de sepulturas. As contas apresentam acentuado poliformismo e cromatismo, podendo ser classificadas nos finais do século XVI e principalmente na centúria seguinte. São originárias de Itália, Holanda e, talvez, Inglaterra denunciando, tal como o restante espólio, sociedade abastada, de gosto requintado, capaz de recorrer aos circuitos comerciais internacionais, tendo em vista responder à moda de então, mas também à manutenção dos seus estatutos sociais. The archaeological excavation of a portion of the area were the Santana Convent once stood (Lisbon, 17th-19th centuries), brought to light some of its structures, has well as thousands of artefacts or their fragments. Amongst them, numerous glass adornments, which include rings, bracelets and a significant collection of beads, collected in cesspits and graves. The beads present an accentuated polymorphism and chromatism, being attributed to the late 16th century and, mainly, to the following one. Their origins can be traced to Italy, Netherlands and, perhaps, England, which denounces, as happens with the remaining testimonies collected, a wealthy society, with exquisite taste, able to access international trading routes to provide not only for the high demands of fashion but also the maintenance of their social status.

This project charts the development of a brand inspired by the symbol of three rabbits with interlocking ears. The process documented in this book details the evolution of the brand, charting its history and the deciphering of its language. The symbol is explored through a collection of artifacts in a variety of media: print, ceramics, glass, and metal. My practice develops a fictional archaeological history which evolves our brand identity. The collection draws from diverse cultural traditions and will inspire our future projects in various fields of interest: organic streetwear, sustainable home décor, and holistic body care products. In addition to producing limited editions of products and publications, and managing our home and forest garden, the creative team at Three Rabbits Farm also provides consulting services for natural building, garden and interior design, as well as food styling and event planning for a range of international clientele.

Based on a multi-analytical approach, this research aimed to characterize and compare the glass-making processes and provenance of the Roman blu glass collection, dated from the 1st century to Late Antiquity, found in the Helagabalus baths in the North East Palatine archaeological site. The samples were analysed by Optical Microscopy and SEM-EDS to identify homogeneity, glass morphological features like bubbles, inclusions and corrosion. EMPA was applied to determine the elemental composition of major and minor elements, whereas LA-ICP-MS allowed us to define trace elements. Major and minor elements, analysis, performed by EMPA, gave particular information regarding the ingredients (network former, flux, colurants and decoulourants) used in the glass batch. SEM-EDS and LA-ICP-MS in combination with EMPA allowed usto group the collection for provenance and technology information. Comparison of the data with the literature allowed to identify the raw materials provenance. This study highlighted changes in glass-making technology and provenance from the 1st to 5th of the Roman blue glass, collection. The particular study of this collection can give further information about the glass making techniques of that time.

In this dissertation, knowledge from social sciences and humanities was combined with that of natural sciences, especially Earth Sciences, to study man-made glass and faience artefacts from selected case studies from the Iron Age and Early Modern periods. The manufacture of man-made glassy materials relies on the exploitation of natural mineral resources. Moreover, since glassy objects inherit the chemical fingerprint of the geological provinces from which the raw materials used in their manufacture derive, geochemistry is essential in provenance studies. In fact, geochemistry can be used to pinpoint the geographical origin of an artefact, given the known proximity between primary or producing workshops and the favored silica source, but also to understand the raw material procurement strategies of glassy producing societies. While sand is not known to have been subjected to long-distance trade, the same cannot be said for other main components used in the production of man-made glassy objects, particularly the fluxing agents and (de)colorants or opacifiers. Earth Sciences, especially geochemistry, is, therefore, essential to reconstruct trade/exchange routes of both raw materials and finished glassy artefacts within or between different communities. Furthermore, the identification of the raw materials used in the production of man-made glassy artefacts, not only reveals how human societies adjust and interact with the environment but is essential to better comprehend the technological know-how required for their manipulation and use in the manufacture of these objects. Ultimately, this dissertation enabled the creation of new non-destructive and minimally invasive analytical methodologies that can be used to gain insights into glassy materials’ provenance and production technology, and to better comprehend the history and ethnography of the communities that produced, used, and trade or exchanged them; Resumo: Nesta dissertação, o conhecimento das ciências sociais e humanas foi combinado com o das ciências naturais, especialmente das Ciências da Terra, para estudar artefactos de vidro e faiança produzidos pelo homem, usando de estudos de caso da Idade do Ferro e da Idade Moderna. A produção de materiais vítreos depende da exploração de recursos minerais naturais. Como os objetos vítreos herdam a assinatura química das províncias geológicas das quais derivam as matérias-primas utilizadas na sua produção, a geoquímica é essencial nos estudos de proveniência. Na verdade, a geoquímica pode ser usada para localizar a origem geográfica de um artefacto, dada a proximidade conhecida entre oficinas primárias ou de produção e a fonte de sílica preferida, mas também para compreender as estratégias de aquisição de matérias-primas das sociedades produtoras de vidro. Embora se saiba que a areia não foi alvo de comércio de longa distância, o mesmo não pode ser dito para outros ingredientes usados na produção de objetos vítreos, particularmente os fundentes e os (des)colorantes ou opacificantes. As Ciências da Terra, especialmente a geoquímica, são, portanto, essenciais para reconstruir rotas de comércio ou troca, de matérias-primas e de artefactos vítreos, dentro ou entre diferentes comunidades. Além disso, a identificação das matérias-primas utilizadas na produção de artefactos vítreos produzidos pelo Homem, não só revela como as sociedades humanas interagem com o meio ambiente que as rodeia, mas é essencial para compreender melhor o know-how tecnológico necessário para sua manipulação e uso na produção desses objetos. Em última análise, esta dissertação permitiu a criação de novas metodologias analíticas, não destrutivas e minimamente invasivas, que podem ser usadas para obter informações sobre a proveniência e tecnologia de produção de materiais vítreos, e para compreender melhor a história e etnografia das comunidades que produziram, usaram e comercializaram estes objetos.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this thesis was to perform an archaeometric study of the collection of glass fragments, found during excavation of layers dated 6th-7th century AD of a room XII, 1 of the Horrea Vespasians, a complex of warehouses during the Imperial period on the Palatine Hill. These glass fragments were excavated only in 2017 and this is the first study that involves them. A non-destructive approach to study elemental composition of the fragments was chosen. A characterization of the glass fragments was performed by XRF and LA-ICP-MS. In this study, an attempt to reconstruct the production process with possible raw materials and colorants used was made. The results obtained in this study will contribute to the literature on Roman glass production,

Stained-glass windows play an important role in cultural heritage. Human and environmental factors have subjected these pieces to risks of damage. Mechanical and chemical- based cleaning methods have been used for their restoration and conservation. Additionally, short-pulse lasers have opened new opportunities for safe and controlled cleaning and restoration of these important materials. In this work, ultra-short pulsed lasers were used to clean an artificially applied coating from the surface of a contemporary colorless glass frequently used in the restoration of stained-glass windows. One of the objectives was to explore the applicability of using these types of lasers to safely clean historical stained-glass windows. It was observed that temperature rise and subsequent heat accumulation in the coating layer being removed was sufficient to generate significant thermal stresses on the underlying glass surface leading to damages even when the laser energies are lower than the damage thresholds. Some laser treatments that limit this heat accumulation were designed in this study. For laser systems operating at frequencies in the range of several hundreds of kHz, the option was to work in burst mode, limiting the number of pulses in each burst and selecting an adequate time lapse between two consecutive burst runs. A method to uniformly clean a given surface is proposed in this work. When lower frequencies are available, treatments using frequencies lower than 20 kHz are enough to safely clean the glass. When UV laser radiation is used, optical damage is also an important aspect to be considered. In this case, the cleaning protocol has to deal with both issues, to avoid heat accumulation and chemical damage

Da colaboração de Philip Glass e Godfrey Reggio surge um conjunto de filmes que prima pela originalidade e qualidade da sua concepção tanto sonora como visual. Analisando os filmes que compõem a trilogia Qatsi concebida ao longo de duas décadas criativas – Koyaanisqatsi (1982), Powaqqatsi (1988) e Naqoyqatsi (2002), deparamo-nos com momentos de grande beleza pictural e sonora; a narrativa visual encontrando o seu paralelo na musical. Embora alguns autores sejam da opinião que a componente musical não enfatiza os climas dramáticos propostos, somos da opinião que para além de os enfatizar está concebida segundo os mesmos princípios, técnicas e ideais criativos. Fruindo o objecto artístico que se nos apresenta claro e incisivo, verificamos que os excertos que compõem a narrativa musical, encerrando todas as características técnicas e estilísticas do compositor, se revelam de uma intensidade dramática elevada necessitando de longos espaços de tempo para se desenvolver e fruir. A metamorfose lenta das texturas contribui para a alienação e o transe, verificando-se um nítido paralelismo entre o visual e o sonoro; o processo musical possuindo um equivalente visual. Música e imagem, interagindo de forma a criar um objecto artístico de um forte impacto e originalidade, de uma intensa beleza sonora e visual, transformam universos de sons em universos de imagens, imagens de som em sons de imagem. Na realização deste texto move-nos a vontade de mostrar como a narrativa sonora e visual seguem os mesmos ideais técnicos e estilísticos e a forma como interagem na criação de objectos artísticos de rara beleza e originalidade.