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The role of immune checkpoint blockade in acute myeloid leukemia

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Resumo:Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has emerged as a therapeutic option for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) for patients that suffer from relapsed or high-risk disease, or patients ineligible for standard therapy. We aimed to study ICI as monotherapy and/or combined therapy (with chemotherapy (QT), for AML patients. The PRISMA statement was used. The literature used comprised clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, and systematic reviews published within the last 7 years. The blockade of CTLA-4 presented a 42% of complete remission within AML. Nivolumab in high-risk AML showed a median recurrence-free survival (RFS) of 8.48 months. The same drug on relapsed hematologic malignancies after allogenic transplantation shows a 1-year OS of 56%. The use of prophylaxis post allogenic transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy), following checkpoint inhibition, demonstrated different baseline disease and transplantation characteristics when compared to no-PCTy patients, being 32% and 10%, respectively. CTLA-4 blockage was a worthy therapeutic approach in relapsed hematologic malignancies, presenting long-lasting responses. The approach to AML and myelodysplastic syndrome patients with ICI before allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the use of a graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis have shown improvement in the transplantation outcomes, and therefore AML treatment.
Autores principais:Silva, Margarida
Outros Autores:Martins, Diana; Mendes, Fernando
Assunto:Acute myeloid leukemia Treatment Immune checkpoint Leucemia mieloide aguda Terapêutica Inibidores de checkpoint imunológico
Ano:2022
País:Portugal
Tipo de documento:artigo
Tipo de acesso:acesso aberto
Instituição associada:Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra
Idioma:inglês
Origem:Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra

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