Publicação
The relation between factual and counterfactual conditionals
| Resumo: | What is the relation between factual conditionals: If A happened then B happened, and counterfactual conditionals: If A had happened then B would have happened? Some theorists propose quite different semantics for the two. In contrast, the theory of mental models and its computer implementation interrelates them. It postulates that both can have a priori truth values, and that the semantic bases of both are possibilities: states that are possible for factual conditionals, and that were once possible but that did not happen for counterfactual conditionals. Two experiments supported these relations. Experiment 1 showed that, like factual conditionals, certain counterfactuals are true a priori, and others are false a priori. Experiment 2 replicated this result and showed that participants selected appropriate paraphrases, referring, respectively, to real and to counterfactual possibilities, for the two sorts of conditional. These results are contrary to alternative accounts of conditionals. |
|---|---|
| Autores principais: | Quelhas, Ana Cristina |
| Outros Autores: | Rasga, Célia Maria Batalha Silva; Johnson-Laird, Philip N. |
| Assunto: | Conditionals Counterfactual conditionals Mental models Possibilities Probabilities |
| Ano: | 2018 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | artigo |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso restrito |
| Instituição associada: | Ispa-Instituto Universitário |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | Repositório do Ispa - Instituto Universitário |
| _version_ | 1863888713989226496 |
|---|---|
| author | Quelhas, Ana Cristina |
| author2 | Rasga, Célia Maria Batalha Silva Johnson-Laird, Philip N. |
| author2_role | author author |
| author_facet | Quelhas, Ana Cristina Rasga, Célia Maria Batalha Silva Johnson-Laird, Philip N. |
| author_role | author |
| contributor_name_str_mv | Repositório do ISPA |
| country_str | PT |
| creators_json_str | [{\"Person.name\":\"Quelhas, Ana Cristina\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Rasga, Célia Maria Batalha Silva\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Johnson-Laird, Philip N.\"}] |
| datacite.contributors.contributor.contributorName.fl_str_mv | Repositório do ISPA |
| datacite.creators.creator.creatorName.fl_str_mv | Quelhas, Ana Cristina Rasga, Célia Maria Batalha Silva Johnson-Laird, Philip N. |
| datacite.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| datacite.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2018-09-19T18:38:21Z |
| datacite.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv | 2018-09-19T18:38:21Z |
| datacite.rights.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec |
| datacite.subjects.subject.fl_str_mv | Conditionals Counterfactual conditionals Mental models Possibilities Probabilities |
| datacite.titles.title.fl_str_mv | The relation between factual and counterfactual conditionals |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv | Repositório do ISPA |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Quelhas, Ana Cristina Rasga, Célia Maria Batalha Silva Johnson-Laird, Philip N. |
| dc.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| dc.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2018-09-19T18:38:21Z |
| dc.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv | 2018-09-19T18:38:21Z |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/6620 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | eng |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Wiley-Blackwell |
| dc.rights.cclincense.fl_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Conditionals Counterfactual conditionals Mental models Possibilities Probabilities |
| dc.title.fl_str_mv | The relation between factual and counterfactual conditionals |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
| description | What is the relation between factual conditionals: If A happened then B happened, and counterfactual conditionals: If A had happened then B would have happened? Some theorists propose quite different semantics for the two. In contrast, the theory of mental models and its computer implementation interrelates them. It postulates that both can have a priori truth values, and that the semantic bases of both are possibilities: states that are possible for factual conditionals, and that were once possible but that did not happen for counterfactual conditionals. Two experiments supported these relations. Experiment 1 showed that, like factual conditionals, certain counterfactuals are true a priori, and others are false a priori. Experiment 2 replicated this result and showed that participants selected appropriate paraphrases, referring, respectively, to real and to counterfactual possibilities, for the two sorts of conditional. These results are contrary to alternative accounts of conditionals. |
| dirty | 0 |
| eu_rights_str_mv | restrictedAccess |
| format | article |
| fulltext.url.fl_str_mv | https://repositorio.ispa.pt/bitstreams/b3afdcc5-28fa-4bdb-9aa0-0176930f227f/download |
| id | ispa_5762bad26cf8e9900a01477ecb6e3984 |
| identifier.url.fl_str_mv | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/6620 |
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| institution | Ispa-Instituto Universitário |
| instname_str | Ispa-Instituto Universitário |
| language | eng |
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| oai_identifier_str | oai:repositorio.ispa.pt:10400.12/6620 |
| organization_str_mv | urn:organizationAcronym:ispa |
| person_str_mv | Quelhas, Ana Cristina Rasga, Célia Maria Batalha Silva Johnson-Laird, Philip N. |
| publishDate | 2018 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Wiley-Blackwell |
| reponame_str | Repositório do Ispa - Instituto Universitário |
| repository_id_str | urn:repositoryAcronym:ispa |
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| spelling | engWiley-Blackwellpt_PTWhat is the relation between factual conditionals: If A happened then B happened, and counterfactual conditionals: If A had happened then B would have happened? Some theorists propose quite different semantics for the two. In contrast, the theory of mental models and its computer implementation interrelates them. It postulates that both can have a priori truth values, and that the semantic bases of both are possibilities: states that are possible for factual conditionals, and that were once possible but that did not happen for counterfactual conditionals. Two experiments supported these relations. Experiment 1 showed that, like factual conditionals, certain counterfactuals are true a priori, and others are false a priori. Experiment 2 replicated this result and showed that participants selected appropriate paraphrases, referring, respectively, to real and to counterfactual possibilities, for the two sorts of conditional. These results are contrary to alternative accounts of conditionals.application/pdfpt_PTThe relation between factual and counterfactual conditionalsQuelhas, Ana CristinaRasga, Célia Maria Batalha SilvaJohnson-Laird, Philip N.HostingInstitutionOrganizationalRepositório do ISPAe-mailmailto:repositorio@ispa.ptrepositorio@ispa.ptISSNIsPartOf03640213DOIIsPartOf10.1111/cogs.126632018-09-19T18:38:21Z20182018-01-01T00:00:00ZHandlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/6620http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ecrestricted accessConditionalsCounterfactual conditionalsMental modelsPossibilitiesProbabilities149816 bytesliteraturehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501journal article2018http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ecapplication/pdffulltexthttps://repositorio.ispa.pt/bitstreams/b3afdcc5-28fa-4bdb-9aa0-0176930f227f/downloadCognitive Science42722052228United States |
| spellingShingle | The relation between factual and counterfactual conditionals Quelhas, Ana Cristina Conditionals Counterfactual conditionals Mental models Possibilities Probabilities |
| subject.fl_str_mv | Conditionals Counterfactual conditionals Mental models Possibilities Probabilities |
| title | The relation between factual and counterfactual conditionals |
| title_full | The relation between factual and counterfactual conditionals |
| title_fullStr | The relation between factual and counterfactual conditionals |
| title_full_unstemmed | The relation between factual and counterfactual conditionals |
| title_short | The relation between factual and counterfactual conditionals |
| title_sort | The relation between factual and counterfactual conditionals |
| topic | Conditionals Counterfactual conditionals Mental models Possibilities Probabilities |
| topic_facet | Conditionals Counterfactual conditionals Mental models Possibilities Probabilities |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/6620 |
| visible | 1 |