Publicação
Response of nearby sensors to variable doses of nitrogen fertilization in winter fodder crops under Mediterranean climate
| Resumo: | The sustainable intensification of forage production in Mediterranean climates requires technological solutions that optimize the use of agricultural inputs. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of proximal optical sensors in recommending and monitoring variable rate nitrogen fertilization in winter forage crops cultivated under Mediterranean conditions. A handheld multispectral active sensor (HMA), a multispectral camera on an unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV), and one passive on-the-go sensor (OTG) were used to generate real-time nitrogen (N) application prescriptions. The sensors were assessed for their correlation with agronomic parameters such as plant fresh matter (PFM), plant dry matter (PDM), plant N content (PNC), crude protein (CP) in%, crude protein yield (CPyield) per unit of area, and N uptake (NUp). The real-time N fertilization stood out by promoting a 15.23% reduction in the total N fertilizer applied compared to a usual farmer-fixed dose of 150 kg ha−1, saving 22.90 kg ha−1 without compromising crop productivity. Additionally, NDVI_OTG showed moderate simple linear correlation with PFM (R2 = 0.52), confirming its effectiveness in prescription based on vegetative vigor. UAV_II (NDVI after fertilization) showed even stronger correlations with CP (R2 = 0.58), CPyield (R2 = 0.53), and NUp (R2 = 0.53), highlighting its sensitivity to physiological responses induced by N fertilization. Although the HMA sensor operates via point readings, it also proved effective, with significant correlations to NUp (R2 = 0.55) and CPyield (R2 = 0.53). It is concluded that integrating sensors enables both precise input prescription and efficient monitoring of plant physiological responses, fostering cost-effectiveness, sustainability, and improved agronomic efficiency. |
|---|---|
| Autores principais: | Silva, Luís |
| Outros Autores: | Brunelli, Caroline; Moreira, Raphael; Barbosa, Sofia; Fernandes, Manuela; Miguel, Andreia; Maçãs, Benvindo; Valero, Constantino; Lidon, Fernando Cebola; Conceição, Luís Alcino; Patanita, Manuel |
| Assunto: | Real-time fertilization Automation Data analysis Monitoring Remote sensing Geographic information systems Sustainability |
| Ano: | 2025 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | artigo |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Instituto Politécnico de Beja |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | Repositório Institucional do IPBeja |
| _version_ | 1866902665829548032 |
|---|---|
| author | Silva, Luís |
| author2 | Brunelli, Caroline Moreira, Raphael Barbosa, Sofia Fernandes, Manuela Miguel, Andreia Maçãs, Benvindo Valero, Constantino Lidon, Fernando Cebola Conceição, Luís Alcino Patanita, Manuel |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Silva, Luís Brunelli, Caroline Moreira, Raphael Barbosa, Sofia Fernandes, Manuela Miguel, Andreia Maçãs, Benvindo Valero, Constantino Lidon, Fernando Cebola Conceição, Luís Alcino Patanita, Manuel |
| author_role | author |
| country_str | PT |
| creators_json_txt | [{\"Person.name\":\"Silva, Luís\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Brunelli, Caroline\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Moreira, Raphael\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Barbosa, Sofia\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Fernandes, Manuela\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Miguel, Andreia\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Maçãs, Benvindo\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Valero, Constantino\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Lidon, Fernando Cebola\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Conceição, Luís Alcino\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Patanita, Manuel\"}] |
| datacite.creators.creator.creatorName.fl_str_mv | Silva, Luís Brunelli, Caroline Moreira, Raphael Barbosa, Sofia Fernandes, Manuela Miguel, Andreia Maçãs, Benvindo Valero, Constantino Lidon, Fernando Cebola Conceição, Luís Alcino Patanita, Manuel |
| datacite.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2025-09-17T00:00:00Z |
| datacite.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2026-04-01T11:14:44Z |
| datacite.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv | 2026-04-01T11:14:44Z |
| datacite.rights.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| datacite.subjects.subject.fl_str_mv | Real-time fertilization Automation Data analysis Monitoring Remote sensing Geographic information systems Sustainability |
| datacite.titles.title.fl_str_mv | Response of nearby sensors to variable doses of nitrogen fertilization in winter fodder crops under Mediterranean climate |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Silva, Luís Brunelli, Caroline Moreira, Raphael Barbosa, Sofia Fernandes, Manuela Miguel, Andreia Maçãs, Benvindo Valero, Constantino Lidon, Fernando Cebola Conceição, Luís Alcino Patanita, Manuel |
| dc.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2025-09-17T00:00:00Z |
| dc.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2026-04-01T11:14:44Z |
| dc.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv | 2026-04-01T11:14:44Z |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | https://repositorio.ipbeja.pt/handle/20.500.12207/7316 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | eng |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | MDPI |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Real-time fertilization Automation Data analysis Monitoring Remote sensing Geographic information systems Sustainability |
| dc.title.fl_str_mv | Response of nearby sensors to variable doses of nitrogen fertilization in winter fodder crops under Mediterranean climate |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
| description | The sustainable intensification of forage production in Mediterranean climates requires technological solutions that optimize the use of agricultural inputs. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of proximal optical sensors in recommending and monitoring variable rate nitrogen fertilization in winter forage crops cultivated under Mediterranean conditions. A handheld multispectral active sensor (HMA), a multispectral camera on an unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV), and one passive on-the-go sensor (OTG) were used to generate real-time nitrogen (N) application prescriptions. The sensors were assessed for their correlation with agronomic parameters such as plant fresh matter (PFM), plant dry matter (PDM), plant N content (PNC), crude protein (CP) in%, crude protein yield (CPyield) per unit of area, and N uptake (NUp). The real-time N fertilization stood out by promoting a 15.23% reduction in the total N fertilizer applied compared to a usual farmer-fixed dose of 150 kg ha−1, saving 22.90 kg ha−1 without compromising crop productivity. Additionally, NDVI_OTG showed moderate simple linear correlation with PFM (R2 = 0.52), confirming its effectiveness in prescription based on vegetative vigor. UAV_II (NDVI after fertilization) showed even stronger correlations with CP (R2 = 0.58), CPyield (R2 = 0.53), and NUp (R2 = 0.53), highlighting its sensitivity to physiological responses induced by N fertilization. Although the HMA sensor operates via point readings, it also proved effective, with significant correlations to NUp (R2 = 0.55) and CPyield (R2 = 0.53). It is concluded that integrating sensors enables both precise input prescription and efficient monitoring of plant physiological responses, fostering cost-effectiveness, sustainability, and improved agronomic efficiency. |
| dirty | 0 |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| id | ripb_d3689a5afa2160cd8db77707c2bb0cd7 |
| identifier.url.fl_str_mv | https://repositorio.ipbeja.pt/handle/20.500.12207/7316 |
| instacron_str | ipb |
| institution | Instituto Politécnico de Beja |
| instname_str | Instituto Politécnico de Beja |
| language | eng |
| network_acronym_str | ripb |
| network_name_str | Repositório Institucional do IPBeja |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:repositorio.ipbeja.pt:20.500.12207/7316 |
| organization_str_mv | urn:organizationAcronym:ipb |
| person_str_mv | Silva, Luís Brunelli, Caroline Moreira, Raphael Barbosa, Sofia Fernandes, Manuela Miguel, Andreia Maçãs, Benvindo Valero, Constantino Lidon, Fernando Cebola Conceição, Luís Alcino Patanita, Manuel |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | MDPI |
| reponame_str | Repositório Institucional do IPBeja |
| repository_id_str | urn:repositoryAcronym:ripb |
| service_str_mv | urn:repositoryAcronym:ripb |
| spelling | The sustainable intensification of forage production in Mediterranean climates requires technological solutions that optimize the use of agricultural inputs. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of proximal optical sensors in recommending and monitoring variable rate nitrogen fertilization in winter forage crops cultivated under Mediterranean conditions. A handheld multispectral active sensor (HMA), a multispectral camera on an unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV), and one passive on-the-go sensor (OTG) were used to generate real-time nitrogen (N) application prescriptions. The sensors were assessed for their correlation with agronomic parameters such as plant fresh matter (PFM), plant dry matter (PDM), plant N content (PNC), crude protein (CP) in%, crude protein yield (CPyield) per unit of area, and N uptake (NUp). The real-time N fertilization stood out by promoting a 15.23% reduction in the total N fertilizer applied compared to a usual farmer-fixed dose of 150 kg ha−1, saving 22.90 kg ha−1 without compromising crop productivity. Additionally, NDVI_OTG showed moderate simple linear correlation with PFM (R2 = 0.52), confirming its effectiveness in prescription based on vegetative vigor. UAV_II (NDVI after fertilization) showed even stronger correlations with CP (R2 = 0.58), CPyield (R2 = 0.53), and NUp (R2 = 0.53), highlighting its sensitivity to physiological responses induced by N fertilization. Although the HMA sensor operates via point readings, it also proved effective, with significant correlations to NUp (R2 = 0.55) and CPyield (R2 = 0.53). It is concluded that integrating sensors enables both precise input prescription and efficient monitoring of plant physiological responses, fostering cost-effectiveness, sustainability, and improved agronomic efficiency.application/pdfengMDPIResponse of nearby sensors to variable doses of nitrogen fertilization in winter fodder crops under Mediterranean climateSilva, LuísBrunelli, CarolineMoreira, RaphaelBarbosa, SofiaFernandes, ManuelaMiguel, AndreiaMaçãs, BenvindoValero, ConstantinoLidon, Fernando CebolaConceição, Luís AlcinoPatanita, ManuelURLhttps://repositorio.ipbeja.pt/handle/20.500.12207/7316ISSNIsPartOf1424-8220DOIIsPartOf10.3390/s251858112026-04-01T11:14:44Z2025-09-17T00:00:00Z2025-09-17http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2open accessReal-time fertilizationAutomationData analysisMonitoringRemote sensingGeographic information systemsSustainability11610107 byteshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2application/pdffulltexthttps://repositorio.ipbeja.pt/bitstreams/1732355f-1185-4712-b962-3945a0bc1779/downloadliteraturehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501journal article |
| spellingShingle | Response of nearby sensors to variable doses of nitrogen fertilization in winter fodder crops under Mediterranean climate Silva, Luís Real-time fertilization Automation Data analysis Monitoring Remote sensing Geographic information systems Sustainability |
| status | SINGLETON |
| subject.fl_str_mv | Real-time fertilization Automation Data analysis Monitoring Remote sensing Geographic information systems Sustainability |
| title | Response of nearby sensors to variable doses of nitrogen fertilization in winter fodder crops under Mediterranean climate |
| title_full | Response of nearby sensors to variable doses of nitrogen fertilization in winter fodder crops under Mediterranean climate |
| title_fullStr | Response of nearby sensors to variable doses of nitrogen fertilization in winter fodder crops under Mediterranean climate |
| title_full_unstemmed | Response of nearby sensors to variable doses of nitrogen fertilization in winter fodder crops under Mediterranean climate |
| title_short | Response of nearby sensors to variable doses of nitrogen fertilization in winter fodder crops under Mediterranean climate |
| title_sort | Response of nearby sensors to variable doses of nitrogen fertilization in winter fodder crops under Mediterranean climate |
| topic | Real-time fertilization Automation Data analysis Monitoring Remote sensing Geographic information systems Sustainability |
| topic_facet | Real-time fertilization Automation Data analysis Monitoring Remote sensing Geographic information systems Sustainability |
| url | https://repositorio.ipbeja.pt/handle/20.500.12207/7316 |
| visible | 1 |