Publicação
Engineering graphene quantum dots via laser ablation for epinephrine sensing
| Resumo: | In this study, we report a sustainable strategy for the synthesis of functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) via pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL), employing sodium-based salts (NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2SO3) as functional sources to introduce chlorine, nitrogen, and sulfur, respectively. This single-step green synthesis yields highly pure GQDs with tunable optical and electrochemical properties. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization, including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confirmed controlled particle size distribution, successful surface functionalization, and distinct optoelectronic behavior. The GQDs were incorporated into Nafion®-modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) to fabricate electrochemical sensors for epinephrine (EP) detection. Among the GQDs, sulfur-functionalized samples exhibited superior sensitivity due to enhanced surface charge, improved electron transfer kinetics, and favorable interactions with the Nafion® matrix. The resulting sensor demonstrated a wide linear dynamic range (0.1–10 μM) and a low detection limit (LOD = 77 nM), underscoring its potential for pharmaceutical quality control. These findings demonstrate that salt-assisted PLAL can tune surface chemistry and may be extended for broader sensing applications. |
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| Autores principais: | Ricardo, Philipi Cavalcante |
| Outros Autores: | Vanoni, Caio Raphael; Padrão, Jorge; Zille, Andrea; Satulu, Veronica; Mitu, Bogdana; Pereira, Mário R.; Jost, Cristiane Luisa; Silva, Filipe Samuel; Fredel, Marcio Celso |
| Assunto: | Pulsed laser ablation Green synthesis Voltammetry Electrochemical sensor Neurotransmitter |
| Ano: | 2026 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | artigo |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade do Minho |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | RepositóriUM - Universidade do Minho |
| Resumo: | In this study, we report a sustainable strategy for the synthesis of functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) via pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL), employing sodium-based salts (NaCl, NaNO3, and Na2SO3) as functional sources to introduce chlorine, nitrogen, and sulfur, respectively. This single-step green synthesis yields highly pure GQDs with tunable optical and electrochemical properties. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization, including high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confirmed controlled particle size distribution, successful surface functionalization, and distinct optoelectronic behavior. The GQDs were incorporated into Nafion®-modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) to fabricate electrochemical sensors for epinephrine (EP) detection. Among the GQDs, sulfur-functionalized samples exhibited superior sensitivity due to enhanced surface charge, improved electron transfer kinetics, and favorable interactions with the Nafion® matrix. The resulting sensor demonstrated a wide linear dynamic range (0.1–10 μM) and a low detection limit (LOD = 77 nM), underscoring its potential for pharmaceutical quality control. These findings demonstrate that salt-assisted PLAL can tune surface chemistry and may be extended for broader sensing applications. |
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