Publicação
Evaluation by flow cytometry of Escherichia coli viability in lettuce after disinfection
| Resumo: | Foodborne outbreaks due to the consumption of ready-to-eat vegetables have increased worldwide, with Escherichia coli (E. coli) being one of the main sources responsible. Viable but nonculturable bacteria (VBNC) retain virulence even after some disinfection procedures and constitute a huge problem to public health due to their non-detectability through conventional microbiological techniques. Flow cytometry (FCM) is a promising tool in food microbiology as it enables the distinction of the different physiological states of bacteria after disinfection procedures within a short time. In this study, samples of lettuce inoculated with E. coli were subject to disinfection with sodium hypochlorite at free chlorine concentrations of 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg·L1 or with 35% peracetic acid at concentrations of 5, 10, 25, and 50 mg·L1. The efficiency of these disinfectants on the viability of E. coli in lettuce was evaluated by flow cytometry with LIVE/DEAD stains. Results from this study suggest that FCM can effectively monitor cell viability. However, peracetic acid is more effective than sodium hypochlorite as, at half the concentration, it is enough to kill 100% of bacteria and always induces a lower percentage of VBNC. Finally, we can conclude that the recommended levels of chemical disinfectants for fresh fruit and vegetables are adequate when applied in lettuce. More importantly, it is possible to ensure that all cells of E. coli are dead and that there are no VBNC cells even with lower concentrations of those chemicals. These results can serve as guidance for lettuce disinfection, improving quality and the safety of consumption. |
|---|---|
| Autores principais: | Teixeira, Maria Pilar Araújo |
| Outros Autores: | Fernandes, Bruna; Silva, Ana Margarida; Dias, Nicolina Marques; Azeredo, Joana |
| Assunto: | Flow cytometry Viable but nonculturable cells (VBNC) Lettuce Chemical disinfection |
| Ano: | 2020 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | artigo |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade do Minho |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | RepositóriUM - Universidade do Minho |
| _version_ | 1866876581760204800 |
|---|---|
| author | Teixeira, Maria Pilar Araújo |
| author2 | Fernandes, Bruna Silva, Ana Margarida Dias, Nicolina Marques Azeredo, Joana |
| author2_role | author author author author |
| author_facet | Teixeira, Maria Pilar Araújo Fernandes, Bruna Silva, Ana Margarida Dias, Nicolina Marques Azeredo, Joana |
| author_role | author |
| contributor_name_str_mv | Universidade do Minho |
| country_str | PT |
| creators_json_txt | [{\"Person.name\":\"Teixeira, Maria Pilar Araújo\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Fernandes, Bruna\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Silva, Ana Margarida\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Dias, Nicolina Marques\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Azeredo, Joana\"}] |
| datacite.contributors.contributor.contributorName.fl_str_mv | Universidade do Minho |
| datacite.creators.creator.creatorName.fl_str_mv | Teixeira, Maria Pilar Araújo Fernandes, Bruna Silva, Ana Margarida Dias, Nicolina Marques Azeredo, Joana |
| datacite.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| datacite.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2020-01-03T10:09:46Z |
| datacite.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv | 2020-01-03T10:09:46Z |
| datacite.rights.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| datacite.subjects.subject.fl_str_mv | Flow cytometry Viable but nonculturable cells (VBNC) Lettuce Chemical disinfection |
| datacite.titles.title.fl_str_mv | Evaluation by flow cytometry of Escherichia coli viability in lettuce after disinfection |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv | Universidade do Minho |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Teixeira, Maria Pilar Araújo Fernandes, Bruna Silva, Ana Margarida Dias, Nicolina Marques Azeredo, Joana |
| dc.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2020-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| dc.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2020-01-03T10:09:46Z |
| dc.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv | 2020-01-03T10:09:46Z |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | https://hdl.handle.net/1822/62854 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | eng |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | MDPI AG |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Flow cytometry Viable but nonculturable cells (VBNC) Lettuce Chemical disinfection |
| dc.title.fl_str_mv | Evaluation by flow cytometry of Escherichia coli viability in lettuce after disinfection |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
| description | Foodborne outbreaks due to the consumption of ready-to-eat vegetables have increased worldwide, with Escherichia coli (E. coli) being one of the main sources responsible. Viable but nonculturable bacteria (VBNC) retain virulence even after some disinfection procedures and constitute a huge problem to public health due to their non-detectability through conventional microbiological techniques. Flow cytometry (FCM) is a promising tool in food microbiology as it enables the distinction of the different physiological states of bacteria after disinfection procedures within a short time. In this study, samples of lettuce inoculated with E. coli were subject to disinfection with sodium hypochlorite at free chlorine concentrations of 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg·L1 or with 35% peracetic acid at concentrations of 5, 10, 25, and 50 mg·L1. The efficiency of these disinfectants on the viability of E. coli in lettuce was evaluated by flow cytometry with LIVE/DEAD stains. Results from this study suggest that FCM can effectively monitor cell viability. However, peracetic acid is more effective than sodium hypochlorite as, at half the concentration, it is enough to kill 100% of bacteria and always induces a lower percentage of VBNC. Finally, we can conclude that the recommended levels of chemical disinfectants for fresh fruit and vegetables are adequate when applied in lettuce. More importantly, it is possible to ensure that all cells of E. coli are dead and that there are no VBNC cells even with lower concentrations of those chemicals. These results can serve as guidance for lettuce disinfection, improving quality and the safety of consumption. |
| dirty | 0 |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| fulltext.url.fl_str_mv | https://prod-dspace.uminho.pt/bitstreams/c08f8459-6ec6-4f44-b72b-0dfc915c4f9a/download |
| id | rum_e7b046c4affc42686df67a6ec79463ac |
| identifier.url.fl_str_mv | https://hdl.handle.net/1822/62854 |
| instacron_str | repositorium |
| institution | Universidade do Minho |
| instname_str | Universidade do Minho |
| language | eng |
| network_acronym_str | rum |
| network_name_str | RepositóriUM - Universidade do Minho |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:repositorium.uminho.pt:1822/62854 |
| organization_str_mv | urn:organizationAcronym:repositorium |
| person_str_mv | Teixeira, Maria Pilar Araújo Fernandes, Bruna Silva, Ana Margarida Dias, Nicolina Marques Azeredo, Joana |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | MDPI AG |
| reponame_str | RepositóriUM - Universidade do Minho |
| repository_id_str | urn:repositoryAcronym:rum |
| service_str_mv | urn:repositoryAcronym:rum |
| spelling | engMDPI AGporFoodborne outbreaks due to the consumption of ready-to-eat vegetables have increased worldwide, with Escherichia coli (E. coli) being one of the main sources responsible. Viable but nonculturable bacteria (VBNC) retain virulence even after some disinfection procedures and constitute a huge problem to public health due to their non-detectability through conventional microbiological techniques. Flow cytometry (FCM) is a promising tool in food microbiology as it enables the distinction of the different physiological states of bacteria after disinfection procedures within a short time. In this study, samples of lettuce inoculated with E. coli were subject to disinfection with sodium hypochlorite at free chlorine concentrations of 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg·L1 or with 35% peracetic acid at concentrations of 5, 10, 25, and 50 mg·L1. The efficiency of these disinfectants on the viability of E. coli in lettuce was evaluated by flow cytometry with LIVE/DEAD stains. Results from this study suggest that FCM can effectively monitor cell viability. However, peracetic acid is more effective than sodium hypochlorite as, at half the concentration, it is enough to kill 100% of bacteria and always induces a lower percentage of VBNC. Finally, we can conclude that the recommended levels of chemical disinfectants for fresh fruit and vegetables are adequate when applied in lettuce. More importantly, it is possible to ensure that all cells of E. coli are dead and that there are no VBNC cells even with lower concentrations of those chemicals. These results can serve as guidance for lettuce disinfection, improving quality and the safety of consumption.application/pdfporEvaluation by flow cytometry of Escherichia coli viability in lettuce after disinfectionTeixeira, Maria Pilar AraújoFernandes, BrunaSilva, Ana MargaridaDias, Nicolina MarquesAzeredo, JoanaHostingInstitutionOrganizationalUniversidade do Minhoe-mailmailto:repositorium@usdb.uminho.ptrepositorium@usdb.uminho.ptISSNIsPartOf2079-6382DOIIsPartOf10.3390/antibiotics90100142020-01-03T10:09:46Z20202020-01-03T08:59:24Z2020-01-01T00:00:00ZHandlehttps://hdl.handle.net/1822/62854http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2open accessFlow cytometryViable but nonculturable cells (VBNC)LettuceChemical disinfection1793670 bytesliteraturehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2application/pdffulltexthttps://prod-dspace.uminho.pt/bitstreams/c08f8459-6ec6-4f44-b72b-0dfc915c4f9a/download |
| spellingShingle | Evaluation by flow cytometry of Escherichia coli viability in lettuce after disinfection Teixeira, Maria Pilar Araújo Flow cytometry Viable but nonculturable cells (VBNC) Lettuce Chemical disinfection |
| status | SINGLETON |
| subject.fl_str_mv | Flow cytometry Viable but nonculturable cells (VBNC) Lettuce Chemical disinfection |
| title | Evaluation by flow cytometry of Escherichia coli viability in lettuce after disinfection |
| title_full | Evaluation by flow cytometry of Escherichia coli viability in lettuce after disinfection |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation by flow cytometry of Escherichia coli viability in lettuce after disinfection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation by flow cytometry of Escherichia coli viability in lettuce after disinfection |
| title_short | Evaluation by flow cytometry of Escherichia coli viability in lettuce after disinfection |
| title_sort | Evaluation by flow cytometry of Escherichia coli viability in lettuce after disinfection |
| topic | Flow cytometry Viable but nonculturable cells (VBNC) Lettuce Chemical disinfection |
| topic_facet | Flow cytometry Viable but nonculturable cells (VBNC) Lettuce Chemical disinfection |
| url | https://hdl.handle.net/1822/62854 |
| visible | 1 |