Publicação

Marine waste streams valorization for the production of novel bioactive 3D structures and their evaluation for potential biomedical applications

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Resumo:	The underutilization of marine byproducts contributes to waste accumulation and economic loss. The scientific community has recently focused on extracting valuable polymers like collagen for high-value products in food, cosmetics, and biomedical applications. However, current recovery methods are time-consuming, chemically intensive, and energy demanding. This dissertation focused on using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) to extract marine collagen from fish processing waste. After extraction, this work intended to process the collagen-NADES extract to develop new porous materials. Hence, the main scope of this thesis was to: i) Develop a novel extraction using NADES to intensify the conventional process and charac- terize the protein purity and structure. ii) Perform a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of conventional and NADES-enhanced processes. iii) Implement an unexplored route for collagen drying materials using supercritical CO2. iv) Prepare a porous material from chitosan and collagen-NADES extract loaded with hydroxy- tyrosol (HT). Results revealed that the NADES-enhanced process yielded pure type I collagen with 2.5 times higher efficiency while reducing the extraction time from 96 h to 1 h compared to the conventional approach. The LCA of both methods indicated that producing 1 kg of purified marine collagen using this NADES approach reduces 14% of the conventional process’s environmental impact. However, the LCA also showed that extraction processes involving NADES must be deeply scrutinized due to the impact of NADES component production. Drying the gelled collagen extract with supercritical CO2 was a suitable technique to produce collagen aerogels showing a relatively dense mesoporous network with a specific surface area and pore volume of 201–203 m2/g and 1.08–1.15 cm3/g, respectively. Physicochemical characterization confirmed collagen purity and that the production process does not impact protein tertiary structure. Alternatively, incorporating chitosan and HT improved freeze-dried collagen material's mechanical robustness and biological performance. HT showed a controlled release profile, up to 70% after 10 h. Both fabricated 3D structures produced from the collagen-NADES extract exhibited suitable features for potential topical biomedical applications. This dissertation contributes to the circular economy, addressing fish processing waste and the environmental footprint of collagen extraction activities. The present work also promotes biomedical innovation and the valorization of marine byproducts, showcasing the versatility of collagen materials and the therapeutic potential of marine waste.
Autores principais:	Batista, Miguel Pedro Lopes
Assunto:	marine waste valorization extraction process intensification natural deep eutectic solvent marine collagen extract characterization
Ano:	2025
País:	Portugal
Tipo de documento:	tese de doutoramento
Tipo de acesso:	acesso aberto
Instituição associada:	Universidade Nova de Lisboa
Idioma:	inglês
Origem:	Repositório Institucional da UNL