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PD-1 Expression in Endometriosis

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Summary:Background: Endometriosis, believed by many to be rooted in immunology, is a chronic disease. Upregulation of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in immune cells may compromise their defensive function, a mechanism demonstrated in the context of cancer spread. This study aims to explore the potential involvement of PD-1 in the pathophysiology and progression of endometriosis. A total of 62 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery were analyzed, with 47 diagnosed with endometriosis and 15 serving as controls. We collected peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood samples during surgery and examined them using flow cytometry. Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies, the samples were stained and the expression of PD-1 in immune cells was evaluated. Results: We observed a statistically significant rise in the percentage of the CD56+ CD16+ NK cell subset expressing PD-1 within the peritoneal fluid of endometriosis patients compared to the control group (p = 0.021). Similarly, we found that PD-1 expression on immune cells significantly differed based on factors such as body mass index and smoking habits. Moreover, peritoneal subsets of PD-1+ T and NK cells showed an increase in patients presenting symptomatic endometriosis and those with more widespread disease. Conclusions: Our evaluation of the inhibitory PD-1 receptor has strengthened the potential connection between immune escape mechanisms often seen in cancer cells and those in endometriotic cells. This concept could pave the way for future research in the field of immunomodulation and endometriosis.
Main Authors:Reis, José Lourenço
Other Authors:Martins, Catarina; Ângelo-Dias, Miguel; Rosa, Natacha Nurdine; Borrego, Luís Miguel; Lima, Jorge
Subject:endometriosis immune receptors NK cells PD-1 T cells Medicine (miscellaneous) Immunology Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
Year:2025
Country:Portugal
Document type:article
Access type:open access
Associated institution:Universidade Nova de Lisboa
Language:English
Origin:Repositório Institucional da UNL
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author Reis, José Lourenço
author2 Martins, Catarina
Ângelo-Dias, Miguel
Rosa, Natacha Nurdine
Borrego, Luís Miguel
Lima, Jorge
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author_facet Reis, José Lourenço
Martins, Catarina
Ângelo-Dias, Miguel
Rosa, Natacha Nurdine
Borrego, Luís Miguel
Lima, Jorge
author_role author
contributor_name_str_mv NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM)
Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC) - pólo NMS
MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
RUN
country_str PT
creators_json_txt [{\"Person.name\":\"Reis, José Lourenço\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Martins, Catarina\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Ângelo-Dias, Miguel\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Rosa, Natacha Nurdine\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Borrego, Luís Miguel\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Lima, Jorge\"}]
datacite.contributors.contributor.contributorName.fl_str_mv NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM)
Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC) - pólo NMS
MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
RUN
datacite.creators.creator.creatorName.fl_str_mv Reis, José Lourenço
Martins, Catarina
Ângelo-Dias, Miguel
Rosa, Natacha Nurdine
Borrego, Luís Miguel
Lima, Jorge
datacite.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv 2025-12-01T00:00:00Z
datacite.date.available.fl_str_mv 2026-01-14T15:55:04Z
datacite.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv 2026-01-14T15:55:04Z
datacite.rights.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
datacite.subjects.subject.fl_str_mv endometriosis
immune receptors
NK cells
PD-1
T cells
Medicine (miscellaneous)
Immunology
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous)
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
datacite.titles.title.fl_str_mv PD-1 Expression in Endometriosis
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM)
Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC) - pólo NMS
MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
RUN
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Reis, José Lourenço
Martins, Catarina
Ângelo-Dias, Miguel
Rosa, Natacha Nurdine
Borrego, Luís Miguel
Lima, Jorge
dc.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv 2025-12-01T00:00:00Z
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2026-01-14T15:55:04Z
dc.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv 2026-01-14T15:55:04Z
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10362/199055
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv endometriosis
immune receptors
NK cells
PD-1
T cells
Medicine (miscellaneous)
Immunology
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous)
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
dc.title.fl_str_mv PD-1 Expression in Endometriosis
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
description Background: Endometriosis, believed by many to be rooted in immunology, is a chronic disease. Upregulation of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in immune cells may compromise their defensive function, a mechanism demonstrated in the context of cancer spread. This study aims to explore the potential involvement of PD-1 in the pathophysiology and progression of endometriosis. A total of 62 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery were analyzed, with 47 diagnosed with endometriosis and 15 serving as controls. We collected peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood samples during surgery and examined them using flow cytometry. Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies, the samples were stained and the expression of PD-1 in immune cells was evaluated. Results: We observed a statistically significant rise in the percentage of the CD56+ CD16+ NK cell subset expressing PD-1 within the peritoneal fluid of endometriosis patients compared to the control group (p = 0.021). Similarly, we found that PD-1 expression on immune cells significantly differed based on factors such as body mass index and smoking habits. Moreover, peritoneal subsets of PD-1+ T and NK cells showed an increase in patients presenting symptomatic endometriosis and those with more widespread disease. Conclusions: Our evaluation of the inhibitory PD-1 receptor has strengthened the potential connection between immune escape mechanisms often seen in cancer cells and those in endometriotic cells. This concept could pave the way for future research in the field of immunomodulation and endometriosis.
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eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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inst_facet_str urn:organizationAcronym:unl{{{_:::_}}}Universidade Nova de Lisboa
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institution Universidade Nova de Lisboa
instname_str Universidade Nova de Lisboa
language eng
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oai_identifier_str oai:run.unl.pt:10362/199055
organization_str_mv urn:organizationAcronym:unl
person_str_mv Reis, José Lourenço
Martins, Catarina
Ângelo-Dias, Miguel
Rosa, Natacha Nurdine
Borrego, Luís Miguel
Lima, Jorge
publishDate 2025
repo_facet_str urn:repositoryAcronym:run{{{_:::_}}}Repositório Institucional da UNL
reponame_str Repositório Institucional da UNL
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spelling engenBackground: Endometriosis, believed by many to be rooted in immunology, is a chronic disease. Upregulation of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in immune cells may compromise their defensive function, a mechanism demonstrated in the context of cancer spread. This study aims to explore the potential involvement of PD-1 in the pathophysiology and progression of endometriosis. A total of 62 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery were analyzed, with 47 diagnosed with endometriosis and 15 serving as controls. We collected peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood samples during surgery and examined them using flow cytometry. Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies, the samples were stained and the expression of PD-1 in immune cells was evaluated. Results: We observed a statistically significant rise in the percentage of the CD56+ CD16+ NK cell subset expressing PD-1 within the peritoneal fluid of endometriosis patients compared to the control group (p = 0.021). Similarly, we found that PD-1 expression on immune cells significantly differed based on factors such as body mass index and smoking habits. Moreover, peritoneal subsets of PD-1+ T and NK cells showed an increase in patients presenting symptomatic endometriosis and those with more widespread disease. Conclusions: Our evaluation of the inhibitory PD-1 receptor has strengthened the potential connection between immune escape mechanisms often seen in cancer cells and those in endometriotic cells. This concept could pave the way for future research in the field of immunomodulation and endometriosis.application/pdfenPD-1 Expression in EndometriosisReis, José LourençoMartins, CatarinaÂngelo-Dias, MiguelRosa, Natacha NurdineBorrego, Luís MiguelLima, JorgeNOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM)Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC) - pólo NMSMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing InstituteHostingInstitutionOrganizationalRUNe-mailmailto:run@unl.ptrun@unl.ptISSNIsPartOf2673-5601URNIsPartOfPURE: 148988362URNIsPartOfPURE UUID: 2f1a244b-5d2a-461a-a859-da1e2c71f840URNIsPartOfScopus: 105025714360URNIsPartOfORCID: /0000-0003-0353-0421/work/202237336URNIsPartOfORCID: /0000-0003-4708-438X/work/202237738URNIsPartOfORCID: /0000-0001-9933-4075/work/206216936URNIsPartOfWOS: 001646673300001DOIIsPartOf10.3390/immuno50400492026-01-14T15:55:04Z2025-122025-12-01T00:00:00ZHandlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/199055http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2open accessendometriosisimmune receptorsNK cellsPD-1T cellsMedicine (miscellaneous)ImmunologyBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous)SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being2893600 bytesliteraturehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2application/pdffulltexthttps://run.unl.pt/bitstreams/598684cb-5404-44a2-874e-5fff90663df5/download
spellingShingle PD-1 Expression in Endometriosis
Reis, José Lourenço
endometriosis
immune receptors
NK cells
PD-1
T cells
Medicine (miscellaneous)
Immunology
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous)
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
status SINGLETON
subject.fl_str_mv endometriosis
immune receptors
NK cells
PD-1
T cells
Medicine (miscellaneous)
Immunology
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous)
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
title PD-1 Expression in Endometriosis
title_full PD-1 Expression in Endometriosis
title_fullStr PD-1 Expression in Endometriosis
title_full_unstemmed PD-1 Expression in Endometriosis
title_short PD-1 Expression in Endometriosis
title_sort PD-1 Expression in Endometriosis
topic endometriosis
immune receptors
NK cells
PD-1
T cells
Medicine (miscellaneous)
Immunology
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous)
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
topic_facet endometriosis
immune receptors
NK cells
PD-1
T cells
Medicine (miscellaneous)
Immunology
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous)
SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
url http://hdl.handle.net/10362/199055
visible 1