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Insights on genomic profiles of drug resistance and virulence in a cohort of Leishmania infantum isolates from the Mediterranean area

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Resumo:BACKGROUND: Drug-resistant strains of Leishmania infantum challenge the effectiveness of treatments for clinical leishmaniosis and may lead to more frequent relapses. Copy number variation (CNV) at specific genetic loci is associated with drug resistance and virulence, but information about its prevalence in endemic regions is limited. This study examines the drug resistance and virulence status of Leishmania strains in human and canine isolates from the Mediterranean region. METHODS: Forty-eight Leishmania infantum isolates were whole-genome sequenced with nanopore long reads, followed by de novo assembly. We analyzed chromosomal aneuploidies and gene copy number variation in loci linked to drug resistance and virulence in Leishmania, alongside the genomic structure and rearrangements responsible for these variations. RESULTS: Complete genomes were de novo assembled for 35 L. infantum isolates (22 from dogs and 13 from humans), revealing significant chromosomal variability. We assessed copy number variation for 22 potential biomarkers: 15 genes related to drug resistance to first-line drugs (METK for allopurinol; LdSMT for amphotericin B; AQP1 and H-locus for antimonials; LdMT, LdRos3, and MSL for miltefosine; and PPM for paramomycin) and 7 genes related to virulence (lipophosphoglycan and proteophosphoglycan biosynthesis, and the Lack protein). Drug-resistance biomarkers were identified in 80% of the isolates. Canine strains primarily showed resistance to allopurinol and antimonials, while human isolates exhibited a broader resistance spectrum, especially to antimonials and paromomycin. The co-occurrence of resistance biomarkers was common, especially for allopurinol and antimonial resistance. Distinct mechanisms underlie the observed copy number variations. Virulence-associated genes were less variable among isolates. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of drug-resistance biomarkers in Leishmania infantum strains from the Mediterranean region, as revealed by this study, underscores the critical need for routine resistance surveillance in managing clinical leishmaniosis. These findings not only inform current clinical practice but also pave the way for more effective management strategies in the future.
Autores principais:Carrasco-Martin, Marina
Outros Autores:Martí-Carreras, Joan; Gómez-Ponce, Marcel; Alcover, Maria Magdalena; Roura, Xavier; Ferrer, Lluís; Baneth, Gad; Bruno, Federica; Chicharro, Carmen; Cordeiro da Silva, Anabela; Cristovão, José; Di Muccio, Trentina; Maia, Carla; Moreno, Javier; Priego, Anabel; Roca-Geronès, Xavier; Santarem, Nuno; Soriano, Anna Vila; Vitale, Fabrizio; Yasur-Landau, Daniel; Francino, Olga
Assunto:Leishmania infantum/genetics Dogs Humans Animals Virulence/genetics Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology Drug Resistance/genetics DNA Copy Number Variations Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology Mediterranean Region/epidemiology Genome, Protozoan Dog Diseases/parasitology Whole Genome Sequencing Cohort Studies
Ano:2026
País:Portugal
Tipo de documento:artigo
Tipo de acesso:acesso aberto
Instituição associada:Universidade Nova de Lisboa
Idioma:inglês
Origem:Repositório Institucional da UNL
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author Carrasco-Martin, Marina
author2 Martí-Carreras, Joan
Gómez-Ponce, Marcel
Alcover, Maria Magdalena
Roura, Xavier
Ferrer, Lluís
Baneth, Gad
Bruno, Federica
Chicharro, Carmen
Cordeiro da Silva, Anabela
Cristovão, José
Di Muccio, Trentina
Maia, Carla
Moreno, Javier
Priego, Anabel
Roca-Geronès, Xavier
Santarem, Nuno
Soriano, Anna Vila
Vitale, Fabrizio
Yasur-Landau, Daniel
Francino, Olga
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author_facet Carrasco-Martin, Marina
Martí-Carreras, Joan
Gómez-Ponce, Marcel
Alcover, Maria Magdalena
Roura, Xavier
Ferrer, Lluís
Baneth, Gad
Bruno, Federica
Chicharro, Carmen
Cordeiro da Silva, Anabela
Cristovão, José
Di Muccio, Trentina
Maia, Carla
Moreno, Javier
Priego, Anabel
Roca-Geronès, Xavier
Santarem, Nuno
Soriano, Anna Vila
Vitale, Fabrizio
Yasur-Landau, Daniel
Francino, Olga
author_role author
contributor_name_str_mv Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT)
Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM)
Laboratório Associado de Translacção e Inovação para a Saúde Global - LA Real (Pólo FCT)
Laboratório Associado de Translacção e Inovação para a Saúde Global - LA Real (Pólo IHMT)
Vector borne diseases and pathogens (VBD)
BioMed Central (BMC)
RUN
country_str PT
creators_json_txt [{\"Person.name\":\"Carrasco-Martin, Marina\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Martí-Carreras, Joan\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Gómez-Ponce, Marcel\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Alcover, Maria Magdalena\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Roura, Xavier\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Ferrer, Lluís\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Baneth, Gad\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Bruno, Federica\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Chicharro, Carmen\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Cordeiro da Silva, Anabela\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Cristovão, José\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Di Muccio, Trentina\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Maia, Carla\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Moreno, Javier\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Priego, Anabel\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Roca-Geronès, Xavier\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Santarem, Nuno\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Soriano, Anna Vila\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Vitale, Fabrizio\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Yasur-Landau, Daniel\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Francino, Olga\"}]
datacite.contributors.contributor.contributorName.fl_str_mv Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT)
Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM)
Laboratório Associado de Translacção e Inovação para a Saúde Global - LA Real (Pólo FCT)
Laboratório Associado de Translacção e Inovação para a Saúde Global - LA Real (Pólo IHMT)
Vector borne diseases and pathogens (VBD)
BioMed Central (BMC)
RUN
datacite.creators.creator.creatorName.fl_str_mv Carrasco-Martin, Marina
Martí-Carreras, Joan
Gómez-Ponce, Marcel
Alcover, Maria Magdalena
Roura, Xavier
Ferrer, Lluís
Baneth, Gad
Bruno, Federica
Chicharro, Carmen
Cordeiro da Silva, Anabela
Cristovão, José
Di Muccio, Trentina
Maia, Carla
Moreno, Javier
Priego, Anabel
Roca-Geronès, Xavier
Santarem, Nuno
Soriano, Anna Vila
Vitale, Fabrizio
Yasur-Landau, Daniel
Francino, Olga
datacite.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv 2026-12-01T00:00:00Z
datacite.date.available.fl_str_mv 2026-06-26T16:28:03Z
datacite.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv 2026-06-26T16:28:03Z
datacite.rights.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
datacite.subjects.subject.fl_str_mv Leishmania infantum/genetics
Dogs
Humans
Animals
Virulence/genetics
Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology
Drug Resistance/genetics
DNA Copy Number Variations
Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology
Mediterranean Region/epidemiology
Genome, Protozoan
Dog Diseases/parasitology
Whole Genome Sequencing
Cohort Studies
datacite.titles.title.fl_str_mv Insights on genomic profiles of drug resistance and virulence in a cohort of Leishmania infantum isolates from the Mediterranean area
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT)
Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM)
Laboratório Associado de Translacção e Inovação para a Saúde Global - LA Real (Pólo FCT)
Laboratório Associado de Translacção e Inovação para a Saúde Global - LA Real (Pólo IHMT)
Vector borne diseases and pathogens (VBD)
BioMed Central (BMC)
RUN
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Carrasco-Martin, Marina
Martí-Carreras, Joan
Gómez-Ponce, Marcel
Alcover, Maria Magdalena
Roura, Xavier
Ferrer, Lluís
Baneth, Gad
Bruno, Federica
Chicharro, Carmen
Cordeiro da Silva, Anabela
Cristovão, José
Di Muccio, Trentina
Maia, Carla
Moreno, Javier
Priego, Anabel
Roca-Geronès, Xavier
Santarem, Nuno
Soriano, Anna Vila
Vitale, Fabrizio
Yasur-Landau, Daniel
Francino, Olga
dc.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv 2026-12-01T00:00:00Z
dc.date.available.fl_str_mv 2026-06-26T16:28:03Z
dc.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv 2026-06-26T16:28:03Z
dc.format.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10362/204136
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv eng
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Leishmania infantum/genetics
Dogs
Humans
Animals
Virulence/genetics
Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology
Drug Resistance/genetics
DNA Copy Number Variations
Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology
Mediterranean Region/epidemiology
Genome, Protozoan
Dog Diseases/parasitology
Whole Genome Sequencing
Cohort Studies
dc.title.fl_str_mv Insights on genomic profiles of drug resistance and virulence in a cohort of Leishmania infantum isolates from the Mediterranean area
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
description BACKGROUND: Drug-resistant strains of Leishmania infantum challenge the effectiveness of treatments for clinical leishmaniosis and may lead to more frequent relapses. Copy number variation (CNV) at specific genetic loci is associated with drug resistance and virulence, but information about its prevalence in endemic regions is limited. This study examines the drug resistance and virulence status of Leishmania strains in human and canine isolates from the Mediterranean region. METHODS: Forty-eight Leishmania infantum isolates were whole-genome sequenced with nanopore long reads, followed by de novo assembly. We analyzed chromosomal aneuploidies and gene copy number variation in loci linked to drug resistance and virulence in Leishmania, alongside the genomic structure and rearrangements responsible for these variations. RESULTS: Complete genomes were de novo assembled for 35 L. infantum isolates (22 from dogs and 13 from humans), revealing significant chromosomal variability. We assessed copy number variation for 22 potential biomarkers: 15 genes related to drug resistance to first-line drugs (METK for allopurinol; LdSMT for amphotericin B; AQP1 and H-locus for antimonials; LdMT, LdRos3, and MSL for miltefosine; and PPM for paramomycin) and 7 genes related to virulence (lipophosphoglycan and proteophosphoglycan biosynthesis, and the Lack protein). Drug-resistance biomarkers were identified in 80% of the isolates. Canine strains primarily showed resistance to allopurinol and antimonials, while human isolates exhibited a broader resistance spectrum, especially to antimonials and paromomycin. The co-occurrence of resistance biomarkers was common, especially for allopurinol and antimonial resistance. Distinct mechanisms underlie the observed copy number variations. Virulence-associated genes were less variable among isolates. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of drug-resistance biomarkers in Leishmania infantum strains from the Mediterranean region, as revealed by this study, underscores the critical need for routine resistance surveillance in managing clinical leishmaniosis. These findings not only inform current clinical practice but also pave the way for more effective management strategies in the future.
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eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
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inst_facet_str urn:organizationAcronym:unl{{{_:::_}}}Universidade Nova de Lisboa
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institution Universidade Nova de Lisboa
instname_str Universidade Nova de Lisboa
language eng
network_acronym_str run
network_name_str Repositório Institucional da UNL
oai_identifier_str oai:run.unl.pt:10362/204136
organization_str_mv urn:organizationAcronym:unl
person_str_mv Carrasco-Martin, Marina
Martí-Carreras, Joan
Gómez-Ponce, Marcel
Alcover, Maria Magdalena
Roura, Xavier
Ferrer, Lluís
Baneth, Gad
Bruno, Federica
Chicharro, Carmen
Cordeiro da Silva, Anabela
Cristovão, José
Di Muccio, Trentina
Maia, Carla
Moreno, Javier
Priego, Anabel
Roca-Geronès, Xavier
Santarem, Nuno
Soriano, Anna Vila
Vitale, Fabrizio
Yasur-Landau, Daniel
Francino, Olga
publishDate 2026
repo_facet_str urn:repositoryAcronym:run{{{_:::_}}}Repositório Institucional da UNL
reponame_str Repositório Institucional da UNL
repository_id_str urn:repositoryAcronym:run
service_str_mv urn:repositoryAcronym:run
spelling engenBACKGROUND: Drug-resistant strains of Leishmania infantum challenge the effectiveness of treatments for clinical leishmaniosis and may lead to more frequent relapses. Copy number variation (CNV) at specific genetic loci is associated with drug resistance and virulence, but information about its prevalence in endemic regions is limited. This study examines the drug resistance and virulence status of Leishmania strains in human and canine isolates from the Mediterranean region. METHODS: Forty-eight Leishmania infantum isolates were whole-genome sequenced with nanopore long reads, followed by de novo assembly. We analyzed chromosomal aneuploidies and gene copy number variation in loci linked to drug resistance and virulence in Leishmania, alongside the genomic structure and rearrangements responsible for these variations. RESULTS: Complete genomes were de novo assembled for 35 L. infantum isolates (22 from dogs and 13 from humans), revealing significant chromosomal variability. We assessed copy number variation for 22 potential biomarkers: 15 genes related to drug resistance to first-line drugs (METK for allopurinol; LdSMT for amphotericin B; AQP1 and H-locus for antimonials; LdMT, LdRos3, and MSL for miltefosine; and PPM for paramomycin) and 7 genes related to virulence (lipophosphoglycan and proteophosphoglycan biosynthesis, and the Lack protein). Drug-resistance biomarkers were identified in 80% of the isolates. Canine strains primarily showed resistance to allopurinol and antimonials, while human isolates exhibited a broader resistance spectrum, especially to antimonials and paromomycin. The co-occurrence of resistance biomarkers was common, especially for allopurinol and antimonial resistance. Distinct mechanisms underlie the observed copy number variations. Virulence-associated genes were less variable among isolates. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of drug-resistance biomarkers in Leishmania infantum strains from the Mediterranean region, as revealed by this study, underscores the critical need for routine resistance surveillance in managing clinical leishmaniosis. These findings not only inform current clinical practice but also pave the way for more effective management strategies in the future.application/pdfenInsights on genomic profiles of drug resistance and virulence in a cohort of Leishmania infantum isolates from the Mediterranean areaCarrasco-Martin, MarinaMartí-Carreras, JoanGómez-Ponce, MarcelAlcover, Maria MagdalenaRoura, XavierFerrer, LluísBaneth, GadBruno, FedericaChicharro, CarmenCordeiro da Silva, AnabelaCristovão, JoséDi Muccio, TrentinaMaia, CarlaMoreno, JavierPriego, AnabelRoca-Geronès, XavierSantarem, NunoSoriano, Anna VilaVitale, FabrizioYasur-Landau, DanielFrancino, OlgaInstituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT)Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM)Laboratório Associado de Translacção e Inovação para a Saúde Global - LA Real (Pólo FCT)Laboratório Associado de Translacção e Inovação para a Saúde Global - LA Real (Pólo IHMT)Vector borne diseases and pathogens (VBD)BioMed Central (BMC)HostingInstitutionOrganizationalRUNe-mailmailto:run@unl.ptrun@unl.ptISSNIsPartOf1756-3305URNIsPartOfPURE: 160090831URNIsPartOfPURE UUID: 27a88d8b-79fc-46af-8964-6c9f71976afeURNIsPartOfPubMed: 41318579URNIsPartOfPubMedCentral: PMC12802309URNIsPartOfScopus: 105027469057URNIsPartOfWOS: 001661242100001URNIsPartOfORCID: /0000-0002-2545-7686/work/212614233DOIIsPartOf10.1186/s13071-025-07105-22026-06-26T16:28:03Z2026-122026-12-01T00:00:00ZHandlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10362/204136http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2open accessLeishmania infantum/geneticsDogsHumansAnimalsVirulence/geneticsAntiprotozoal Agents/pharmacologyDrug Resistance/geneticsDNA Copy Number VariationsLeishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitologyMediterranean Region/epidemiologyGenome, ProtozoanDog Diseases/parasitologyWhole Genome SequencingCohort Studies3129706 bytesliteraturehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2application/pdffulltexthttps://run.unl.pt/bitstreams/9537c59f-c90a-4901-a932-b2605d40a3ac/download
spellingShingle Insights on genomic profiles of drug resistance and virulence in a cohort of Leishmania infantum isolates from the Mediterranean area
Carrasco-Martin, Marina
Leishmania infantum/genetics
Dogs
Humans
Animals
Virulence/genetics
Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology
Drug Resistance/genetics
DNA Copy Number Variations
Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology
Mediterranean Region/epidemiology
Genome, Protozoan
Dog Diseases/parasitology
Whole Genome Sequencing
Cohort Studies
status SINGLETON
subject.fl_str_mv Leishmania infantum/genetics
Dogs
Humans
Animals
Virulence/genetics
Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology
Drug Resistance/genetics
DNA Copy Number Variations
Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology
Mediterranean Region/epidemiology
Genome, Protozoan
Dog Diseases/parasitology
Whole Genome Sequencing
Cohort Studies
title Insights on genomic profiles of drug resistance and virulence in a cohort of Leishmania infantum isolates from the Mediterranean area
title_full Insights on genomic profiles of drug resistance and virulence in a cohort of Leishmania infantum isolates from the Mediterranean area
title_fullStr Insights on genomic profiles of drug resistance and virulence in a cohort of Leishmania infantum isolates from the Mediterranean area
title_full_unstemmed Insights on genomic profiles of drug resistance and virulence in a cohort of Leishmania infantum isolates from the Mediterranean area
title_short Insights on genomic profiles of drug resistance and virulence in a cohort of Leishmania infantum isolates from the Mediterranean area
title_sort Insights on genomic profiles of drug resistance and virulence in a cohort of Leishmania infantum isolates from the Mediterranean area
topic Leishmania infantum/genetics
Dogs
Humans
Animals
Virulence/genetics
Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology
Drug Resistance/genetics
DNA Copy Number Variations
Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology
Mediterranean Region/epidemiology
Genome, Protozoan
Dog Diseases/parasitology
Whole Genome Sequencing
Cohort Studies
topic_facet Leishmania infantum/genetics
Dogs
Humans
Animals
Virulence/genetics
Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology
Drug Resistance/genetics
DNA Copy Number Variations
Leishmaniasis, Visceral/parasitology
Mediterranean Region/epidemiology
Genome, Protozoan
Dog Diseases/parasitology
Whole Genome Sequencing
Cohort Studies
url http://hdl.handle.net/10362/204136
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