Publicação
Association between sociodemographic factors, body mass index, physical activity and dietary patterns in Portuguese adults
| Resumo: | Background To study the relationships between intakes of various nutrients is used dietary pattern (DP) analysis that considers the effect of overall diet: food and nutrients are not eaten in isolation, and the ‘single food or nutrient’ approach will not take into account the complex interactions between food and nutrients. The relationship between health and social factors are not simple but the importance of social, particularly socioeconomic—factors in shaping health it’s already well-documented. Lower–socioeconomic groups have lower-quality diets as well as higher rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. By contrast, higher–socioeconomic status groups have better diets and better health. Understanding the influences of sociodemographic and economic factors on food consumption may be useful to explain eating behaviour and nutrition policymaking. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the association between sociodemographic factors, body mass index, physical activity and dietary patterns in Portuguese adults. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted from the Portuguese fourth National Health Survey (NHS) between 2005 and 2006. To analyze the relationship between dietary patterns and sociodemographic factors were used a representative sub-sample (32 644 participants) of Portuguese adults (≥20 years old), who reported their dietary patterns, education level, family income, smoking habits, physical activity, weight and height when participating in the NHS. Dietary patterns were identified by latent trait models based on dietary intake. Unconditional logistic regression models were performed to analyze association between DP and sociodemographic factors. Age, gender, education, family income, proxy reporting information, smoking habits, body mass index and physical activity level were addressed by NHS and analyzed as potential confounders. Results Final analysis included 4 338 Portuguese adults (52.8% female). Female was positively associated with Factor 1 “dairy and fruit” and negatively associated with Factor 2 “soup and starchy foods”. In older adults were observed a positive and strong association with Factor 1 “dairy and fruit”, Factor 2 “soup and starchy foods” and Factor 4 “fish, fruit and vegetables”. Conversely, Factor 3 “high fat, sugar and salt” was inversely associated with all age group, and Factor 5 “sugary and fatty foods” only associated with adults <64 years old. Regarding to education, excluding Factor 2 “soup and starchy food” where no significantly were associated, all DPs were positively associated with some education level. Factor 1 “dairy and fruit”, Factor 4 “fish, fruit and vegetables” and Factor 5 “sugary and fatty foods” were similarly associated, while Factor 3 “high fat, sugar and salt” was only associated with the highest educational level. All categories of family income were associated with Factor 1 “dairy and fruit”, Factor 2 “soup and starchy food” and Factor 4 “fish, fruit and vegetables”. The highest family incomes was associated with Factor 5 “sugary and fatty foods” and the lowest with Factor 3 “high fat, sugar and salt”. Regarding BMI, only obesity classes were negatively associated with Factor 2 “soup and starchy food” and Factor 4 “fish, fruit and vegetables”. Proxy reporting were positively associated with Factor 1 “dairy and fruit” and Factor 4 “fish, fruit and vegetables”. For current smoker, negative associations with Factor 1 “dairy and fruit”, Factor 2 “soup and starchy food” and Factor 4 “fish, fruit and vegetables” was observed. In a past smoker, only Factor 2 “soup and starchy food” was associated negatively with smoking habits. For those who do moderate physical activity, a single negative association was observed with Factor 5 “sugary and fatty foods”. All sociodemographic factors that were not described with a specific DP did not obtain significant associations. Conclusion Sociodemographic factors such as a high education level and a high family income can influence positively healthy dietary patterns, while high BMI and current smoking habits can be negatively associated with these healthy dietary patterns. These findings may reflect a consequence of sociodemographic inequalities on diet prevailing in Portugal between 2005 and 2006, where less-favourable socioeconomic groups were associated with unhealthy dietary patterns. These data may be an interesting step in the study of food consumption, lifestyle and obesity, in addition to allowing comparison with more recent data. However, longitudinal studies will be needed to investigate these associations, which will allow the development of effective and sustainable public health policies to promote greater adherence to healthy dietary patterns. |
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| Autores principais: | Teixeira, Ana Rita Neves |
| Assunto: | Dietary patterns Diet Body mass index Sociodemographic factors Public health Teses de mestrado - 2019 |
| Ano: | 2019 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | dissertação de mestrado |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso restrito |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade de Lisboa |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa |
| Resumo: | Background To study the relationships between intakes of various nutrients is used dietary pattern (DP) analysis that considers the effect of overall diet: food and nutrients are not eaten in isolation, and the ‘single food or nutrient’ approach will not take into account the complex interactions between food and nutrients. The relationship between health and social factors are not simple but the importance of social, particularly socioeconomic—factors in shaping health it’s already well-documented. Lower–socioeconomic groups have lower-quality diets as well as higher rates of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. By contrast, higher–socioeconomic status groups have better diets and better health. Understanding the influences of sociodemographic and economic factors on food consumption may be useful to explain eating behaviour and nutrition policymaking. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the association between sociodemographic factors, body mass index, physical activity and dietary patterns in Portuguese adults. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted from the Portuguese fourth National Health Survey (NHS) between 2005 and 2006. To analyze the relationship between dietary patterns and sociodemographic factors were used a representative sub-sample (32 644 participants) of Portuguese adults (≥20 years old), who reported their dietary patterns, education level, family income, smoking habits, physical activity, weight and height when participating in the NHS. Dietary patterns were identified by latent trait models based on dietary intake. Unconditional logistic regression models were performed to analyze association between DP and sociodemographic factors. Age, gender, education, family income, proxy reporting information, smoking habits, body mass index and physical activity level were addressed by NHS and analyzed as potential confounders. Results Final analysis included 4 338 Portuguese adults (52.8% female). Female was positively associated with Factor 1 “dairy and fruit” and negatively associated with Factor 2 “soup and starchy foods”. In older adults were observed a positive and strong association with Factor 1 “dairy and fruit”, Factor 2 “soup and starchy foods” and Factor 4 “fish, fruit and vegetables”. Conversely, Factor 3 “high fat, sugar and salt” was inversely associated with all age group, and Factor 5 “sugary and fatty foods” only associated with adults <64 years old. Regarding to education, excluding Factor 2 “soup and starchy food” where no significantly were associated, all DPs were positively associated with some education level. Factor 1 “dairy and fruit”, Factor 4 “fish, fruit and vegetables” and Factor 5 “sugary and fatty foods” were similarly associated, while Factor 3 “high fat, sugar and salt” was only associated with the highest educational level. All categories of family income were associated with Factor 1 “dairy and fruit”, Factor 2 “soup and starchy food” and Factor 4 “fish, fruit and vegetables”. The highest family incomes was associated with Factor 5 “sugary and fatty foods” and the lowest with Factor 3 “high fat, sugar and salt”. Regarding BMI, only obesity classes were negatively associated with Factor 2 “soup and starchy food” and Factor 4 “fish, fruit and vegetables”. Proxy reporting were positively associated with Factor 1 “dairy and fruit” and Factor 4 “fish, fruit and vegetables”. For current smoker, negative associations with Factor 1 “dairy and fruit”, Factor 2 “soup and starchy food” and Factor 4 “fish, fruit and vegetables” was observed. In a past smoker, only Factor 2 “soup and starchy food” was associated negatively with smoking habits. For those who do moderate physical activity, a single negative association was observed with Factor 5 “sugary and fatty foods”. All sociodemographic factors that were not described with a specific DP did not obtain significant associations. Conclusion Sociodemographic factors such as a high education level and a high family income can influence positively healthy dietary patterns, while high BMI and current smoking habits can be negatively associated with these healthy dietary patterns. These findings may reflect a consequence of sociodemographic inequalities on diet prevailing in Portugal between 2005 and 2006, where less-favourable socioeconomic groups were associated with unhealthy dietary patterns. These data may be an interesting step in the study of food consumption, lifestyle and obesity, in addition to allowing comparison with more recent data. However, longitudinal studies will be needed to investigate these associations, which will allow the development of effective and sustainable public health policies to promote greater adherence to healthy dietary patterns. |
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