Publicação
Learning what to inhibit: The influence of repeated testing on the encoding of gender and age information
| Resumo: | Psychological research has devoted considerable attention to the relationship between the multiple category dimensions that can be extracted from faces. In the present studies, we investigated the role of experience and learning on the way the social perceiver deals with multiple category dimensions. Specifically, we tested whether learning which of 2 dimensions is the most relevant to the task at hand influences the encoding and retrieval of both task-relevant and irrelevant dimensions. In our studies, participants went through several cycles, each consisting of a study and a test phase. We manipulated the structure of the tests such that participants were probed on only 1 category dimension (age or gender), despite viewing faces of both category dimensions in all study phases. We hypothesized that when participants were repeatedly tested on 1 dimension, they would proactively control their attention toward that specific dimension and away from the nonrelevant dimension. Five studies demonstrated that: (a) participants learned which dimension was test-relevant such that they gradually became faster and more accurate on that dimension; (b) when the gender dimension was test-relevant, participants were faster and more accurate retrieving information concerning the target faces’ gender than age, while the opposite did not happen when the age dimension was test-relevant; and (c) this dominance of the gender dimension is mainly caused by the inhibition of the age dimension. Implications about the importance of previous experience and control for research on social categorization in general and research examining the interplay between gender and age are discussed. |
|---|---|
| Autores principais: | Palma, Tomás |
| Outros Autores: | Garcia-Marques, Leonel; Marques, Pedro; Haga, Sara; Payne, B. Keith |
| Assunto: | Social categorization Face perception Stereotypes Learning Task relevance |
| Ano: | 2019 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | artigo |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso restrito |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade de Lisboa |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa |
| _version_ | 1866810789891932160 |
|---|---|
| author | Palma, Tomás |
| author2 | Garcia-Marques, Leonel Marques, Pedro Haga, Sara Payne, B. Keith |
| author2_role | author author author author |
| author_facet | Palma, Tomás Garcia-Marques, Leonel Marques, Pedro Haga, Sara Payne, B. Keith |
| author_role | author |
| contributor_name_str_mv | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto da ULisboa |
| country_str | PT |
| creators_json_txt | [{\"Person.name\":\"Palma, Tomás\",\"Person.identifier.orcid\":\"0000-0003-2936-4732\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Garcia-Marques, Leonel\",\"Person.identifier.orcid\":\"0000-0003-0800-7664\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Marques, Pedro\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Haga, Sara\",\"Person.identifier.orcid\":\"0000-0003-4957-4702\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Payne, B. Keith\"}] |
| datacite.contributors.contributor.contributorName.fl_str_mv | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto da ULisboa |
| datacite.creators.creator.creatorName.fl_str_mv | Palma, Tomás Garcia-Marques, Leonel Marques, Pedro Haga, Sara Payne, B. Keith |
| datacite.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| datacite.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2024-02-01T13:46:19Z |
| datacite.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv | 2024-02-01T13:46:19Z |
| datacite.rights.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec |
| datacite.subjects.subject.fl_str_mv | Social categorization Face perception Stereotypes Learning Task relevance |
| datacite.titles.title.fl_str_mv | Learning what to inhibit: The influence of repeated testing on the encoding of gender and age information |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto da ULisboa |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Palma, Tomás Garcia-Marques, Leonel Marques, Pedro Haga, Sara Payne, B. Keith |
| dc.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| dc.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2024-02-01T13:46:19Z |
| dc.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv | 2024-02-01T13:46:19Z |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | http://hdl.handle.net/10451/62389 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | eng |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | APA |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Social categorization Face perception Stereotypes Learning Task relevance |
| dc.title.fl_str_mv | Learning what to inhibit: The influence of repeated testing on the encoding of gender and age information |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
| description | Psychological research has devoted considerable attention to the relationship between the multiple category dimensions that can be extracted from faces. In the present studies, we investigated the role of experience and learning on the way the social perceiver deals with multiple category dimensions. Specifically, we tested whether learning which of 2 dimensions is the most relevant to the task at hand influences the encoding and retrieval of both task-relevant and irrelevant dimensions. In our studies, participants went through several cycles, each consisting of a study and a test phase. We manipulated the structure of the tests such that participants were probed on only 1 category dimension (age or gender), despite viewing faces of both category dimensions in all study phases. We hypothesized that when participants were repeatedly tested on 1 dimension, they would proactively control their attention toward that specific dimension and away from the nonrelevant dimension. Five studies demonstrated that: (a) participants learned which dimension was test-relevant such that they gradually became faster and more accurate on that dimension; (b) when the gender dimension was test-relevant, participants were faster and more accurate retrieving information concerning the target faces’ gender than age, while the opposite did not happen when the age dimension was test-relevant; and (c) this dominance of the gender dimension is mainly caused by the inhibition of the age dimension. Implications about the importance of previous experience and control for research on social categorization in general and research examining the interplay between gender and age are discussed. |
| dirty | 0 |
| eu_rights_str_mv | restrictedAccess |
| format | article |
| fulltext.url.fl_str_mv | https://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/bitstreams/532bcd48-305d-45cc-9085-681748d1a4f9/download |
| funding.funder.alternateName_str_mv | FCT FCT |
| funding.funder.identifier_str_mv | http://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871 http://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871 |
| funding.funder.name_str_mv | Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia |
| funding.name_str_mv | Projetos de Investigação Científica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico - 2014 |
| id | ul_3baf98dbb671e895ce0484656dcb8ae1 |
| identifier.url.fl_str_mv | http://hdl.handle.net/10451/62389 |
| instacron_str | ul |
| institution | Universidade de Lisboa |
| instname_str | Universidade de Lisboa |
| language | eng |
| network_acronym_str | ul |
| network_name_str | Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:repositorio.ulisboa.pt:10451/62389 |
| organization_str_mv | urn:organizationAcronym:ul |
| person_str_mv | Palma, Tomás Palma, Tomás https://www.ciencia-id.pt/0913-01D2-344D 0913-01D2-344D http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2936-4732 0000-0003-2936-4732 Garcia-Marques, Leonel Garcia-Marques, Leonel https://www.ciencia-id.pt/1411-17B3-42F0 1411-17B3-42F0 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0800-7664 0000-0003-0800-7664 Marques, Pedro Haga, Sara Haga, Sara https://www.ciencia-id.pt/4913-7D30-CE8E 4913-7D30-CE8E http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4957-4702 0000-0003-4957-4702 Payne, B. Keith |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | APA |
| reponame_str | Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa |
| repository_id_str | urn:repositoryAcronym:ul |
| service_str_mv | urn:repositoryAcronym:ul |
| spelling | engAPApt_PTPsychological research has devoted considerable attention to the relationship between the multiple category dimensions that can be extracted from faces. In the present studies, we investigated the role of experience and learning on the way the social perceiver deals with multiple category dimensions. Specifically, we tested whether learning which of 2 dimensions is the most relevant to the task at hand influences the encoding and retrieval of both task-relevant and irrelevant dimensions. In our studies, participants went through several cycles, each consisting of a study and a test phase. We manipulated the structure of the tests such that participants were probed on only 1 category dimension (age or gender), despite viewing faces of both category dimensions in all study phases. We hypothesized that when participants were repeatedly tested on 1 dimension, they would proactively control their attention toward that specific dimension and away from the nonrelevant dimension. Five studies demonstrated that: (a) participants learned which dimension was test-relevant such that they gradually became faster and more accurate on that dimension; (b) when the gender dimension was test-relevant, participants were faster and more accurate retrieving information concerning the target faces’ gender than age, while the opposite did not happen when the age dimension was test-relevant; and (c) this dominance of the gender dimension is mainly caused by the inhibition of the age dimension. Implications about the importance of previous experience and control for research on social categorization in general and research examining the interplay between gender and age are discussed.application/pdfpt_PTLearning what to inhibit: The influence of repeated testing on the encoding of gender and age informationPersonalPalma, TomásDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/85b6679f-f4a5-4f33-9f93-2c6f92dab635DSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/85b6679f-f4a5-4f33-9f93-2c6f92dab635PalmaTomásCiência IDhttps://www.ciencia-id.pt0913-01D2-344DORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0003-2936-4732Researcher IDhttps://www.researcherid.comJ-3552-2017Scopus Author IDhttps://www.scopus.com37054364800PersonalGarcia-Marques, LeonelDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/a71a069b-7f9c-4a7d-832e-12370abb3aacDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/a71a069b-7f9c-4a7d-832e-12370abb3aacGarcia-MarquesLeonelCiência IDhttps://www.ciencia-id.pt1411-17B3-42F0ORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0003-0800-7664Scopus Author IDhttps://www.scopus.com57204504050Marques, PedroPersonalHaga, SaraDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/7e2764b1-6b53-40a2-acba-ac4120acff19DSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/7e2764b1-6b53-40a2-acba-ac4120acff19HagaSaraCiência IDhttps://www.ciencia-id.pt4913-7D30-CE8EORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0003-4957-4702Researcher IDhttps://www.researcherid.comR-7748-2018Scopus Author IDhttps://www.scopus.com56312825300Payne, B. KeithHostingInstitutionOrganizationalRepositório Científico de Acesso Aberto da ULisboae-mailmailto:repositorio@reitoria.ulisboa.ptrepositorio@reitoria.ulisboa.ptISSNIsPartOf0022-3514DOIIsPartOf10.1037/pspa00001622024-02-01T13:46:19Z20192019-01-01T00:00:00ZHandlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10451/62389http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ecrestricted accessSocial categorizationFace perceptionStereotypesLearningTask relevance543174 bytesFundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaSTEREOTYPING IS FOR DOING: FINE-TUNING OF STEREOTYPES ACROSS SOCIAL CONTEXTSCrossref Funder IDhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871Fundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaInteractions between retrieval and present or subsequent learningProjetos de Investigação Científica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico - 2014Crossref Funder IDhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871literaturehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ecapplication/pdffulltexthttps://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/bitstreams/532bcd48-305d-45cc-9085-681748d1a4f9/downloadJournal of Personality and Social Psychology1166899918 |
| spellingShingle | Learning what to inhibit: The influence of repeated testing on the encoding of gender and age information Palma, Tomás Social categorization Face perception Stereotypes Learning Task relevance |
| status | SINGLETON |
| subject.fl_str_mv | Social categorization Face perception Stereotypes Learning Task relevance |
| title | Learning what to inhibit: The influence of repeated testing on the encoding of gender and age information |
| title_full | Learning what to inhibit: The influence of repeated testing on the encoding of gender and age information |
| title_fullStr | Learning what to inhibit: The influence of repeated testing on the encoding of gender and age information |
| title_full_unstemmed | Learning what to inhibit: The influence of repeated testing on the encoding of gender and age information |
| title_short | Learning what to inhibit: The influence of repeated testing on the encoding of gender and age information |
| title_sort | Learning what to inhibit: The influence of repeated testing on the encoding of gender and age information |
| topic | Social categorization Face perception Stereotypes Learning Task relevance |
| topic_facet | Social categorization Face perception Stereotypes Learning Task relevance |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10451/62389 |
| visible | 1 |