Publicação
Antiretroviral Treatment of HIV-2 Infection: Available Drugs, Resistance Pathways, and Promising New Compounds
| Resumo: | Currently, it is estimated that 1–2 million people worldwide are infected with HIV-2, accounting for 3–5% of the global burden of HIV. The course of HIV-2 infection is longer compared to HIV-1 infection, but without effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), a substantial proportion of infected patients will progress to AIDS and die. Antiretroviral drugs in clinical use were designed for HIV-1 and, unfortunately, some do not work as well, or do not work at all, for HIV-2. This is the case for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), the fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide (T-20), most protease inhibitors (PIs), the attachment inhibitor fostemsavir and most broadly neutralizing antibodies. Integrase inhibitors work well against HIV-2 and are included in first-line therapeutic regimens for HIV-2-infected patients. However, rapid emergence of drug resistance and cross-resistance within each drug class dramatically reduces second-line treatment options. New drugs are needed to treat infection with drug-resistant isolates. Here, we review the therapeutic armamentarium available to treat HIV-2-infected patients, as well as promising drugs in development. We also review HIV-2 drug resistance mutations and resistance pathways that develop in HIV-2-infected patients under treatment. |
|---|---|
| Autores principais: | Moranguinho, Inês |
| Outros Autores: | Taveira, Nuno; Bártolo, Inês |
| Assunto: | HIV-2 HIV-2 treatment antiretroviral drugs resistance mutations resistance pathways |
| Ano: | 2023 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | artigo |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade de Lisboa |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa |
| _version_ | 1866810559695945728 |
|---|---|
| author | Moranguinho, Inês |
| author2 | Taveira, Nuno Bártolo, Inês |
| author2_role | author author |
| author_facet | Moranguinho, Inês Taveira, Nuno Bártolo, Inês |
| author_role | author |
| contributor_name_str_mv | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto da ULisboa |
| country_str | PT |
| creators_json_txt | [{\"Person.name\":\"Moranguinho, Inês\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Taveira, Nuno\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Bártolo, Inês\"}] |
| datacite.contributors.contributor.contributorName.fl_str_mv | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto da ULisboa |
| datacite.creators.creator.creatorName.fl_str_mv | Moranguinho, Inês Taveira, Nuno Bártolo, Inês |
| datacite.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2023-03-21T00:00:00Z |
| datacite.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2024-01-18T18:41:03Z |
| datacite.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv | 2024-01-18T18:41:03Z |
| datacite.rights.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| datacite.subjects.subject.fl_str_mv | HIV-2 HIV-2 treatment antiretroviral drugs resistance mutations resistance pathways |
| datacite.titles.title.fl_str_mv | Antiretroviral Treatment of HIV-2 Infection: Available Drugs, Resistance Pathways, and Promising New Compounds |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto da ULisboa |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Moranguinho, Inês Taveira, Nuno Bártolo, Inês |
| dc.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2023-03-21T00:00:00Z |
| dc.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2024-01-18T18:41:03Z |
| dc.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv | 2024-01-18T18:41:03Z |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | http://hdl.handle.net/10451/61922 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | eng |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | MDPI |
| dc.rights.cclincense.fl_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | HIV-2 HIV-2 treatment antiretroviral drugs resistance mutations resistance pathways |
| dc.title.fl_str_mv | Antiretroviral Treatment of HIV-2 Infection: Available Drugs, Resistance Pathways, and Promising New Compounds |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
| description | Currently, it is estimated that 1–2 million people worldwide are infected with HIV-2, accounting for 3–5% of the global burden of HIV. The course of HIV-2 infection is longer compared to HIV-1 infection, but without effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), a substantial proportion of infected patients will progress to AIDS and die. Antiretroviral drugs in clinical use were designed for HIV-1 and, unfortunately, some do not work as well, or do not work at all, for HIV-2. This is the case for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), the fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide (T-20), most protease inhibitors (PIs), the attachment inhibitor fostemsavir and most broadly neutralizing antibodies. Integrase inhibitors work well against HIV-2 and are included in first-line therapeutic regimens for HIV-2-infected patients. However, rapid emergence of drug resistance and cross-resistance within each drug class dramatically reduces second-line treatment options. New drugs are needed to treat infection with drug-resistant isolates. Here, we review the therapeutic armamentarium available to treat HIV-2-infected patients, as well as promising drugs in development. We also review HIV-2 drug resistance mutations and resistance pathways that develop in HIV-2-infected patients under treatment. |
| dirty | 0 |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| fulltext.url.fl_str_mv | https://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/bitstreams/3977c142-ad62-4cec-9b7f-7bdec58c30ed/download |
| funding.funder.alternateName_str_mv | FCT |
| funding.funder.identifier_str_mv | http://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871 |
| funding.funder.name_str_mv | Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia |
| id | ul_685db2bcdffa74aae4b7efba03b87941 |
| identifier.url.fl_str_mv | http://hdl.handle.net/10451/61922 |
| instacron_str | ul |
| institution | Universidade de Lisboa |
| instname_str | Universidade de Lisboa |
| language | eng |
| network_acronym_str | ul |
| network_name_str | Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:repositorio.ulisboa.pt:10451/61922 |
| organization_str_mv | urn:organizationAcronym:ul |
| person_str_mv | Moranguinho, Inês Taveira, Nuno Bártolo, Inês |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | MDPI |
| reponame_str | Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa |
| repository_id_str | urn:repositoryAcronym:ul |
| service_str_mv | urn:repositoryAcronym:ul |
| spelling | engMDPIpt_PTCurrently, it is estimated that 1–2 million people worldwide are infected with HIV-2, accounting for 3–5% of the global burden of HIV. The course of HIV-2 infection is longer compared to HIV-1 infection, but without effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), a substantial proportion of infected patients will progress to AIDS and die. Antiretroviral drugs in clinical use were designed for HIV-1 and, unfortunately, some do not work as well, or do not work at all, for HIV-2. This is the case for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), the fusion inhibitor enfuvirtide (T-20), most protease inhibitors (PIs), the attachment inhibitor fostemsavir and most broadly neutralizing antibodies. Integrase inhibitors work well against HIV-2 and are included in first-line therapeutic regimens for HIV-2-infected patients. However, rapid emergence of drug resistance and cross-resistance within each drug class dramatically reduces second-line treatment options. New drugs are needed to treat infection with drug-resistant isolates. Here, we review the therapeutic armamentarium available to treat HIV-2-infected patients, as well as promising drugs in development. We also review HIV-2 drug resistance mutations and resistance pathways that develop in HIV-2-infected patients under treatment.application/pdfpt_PTAntiretroviral Treatment of HIV-2 Infection: Available Drugs, Resistance Pathways, and Promising New CompoundsMoranguinho, InêsTaveira, NunoBártolo, InêsHostingInstitutionOrganizationalRepositório Científico de Acesso Aberto da ULisboae-mailmailto:repositorio@reitoria.ulisboa.ptrepositorio@reitoria.ulisboa.ptDOIIsPartOf10.3390/ijms240659052024-01-18T18:41:03Z2023-03-212023-10-25T13:04:56Z2023-03-21T00:00:00ZHandlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10451/61922http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2open accessHIV-2HIV-2 treatmentantiretroviral drugsresistance mutationsresistance pathways760856 bytesFundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaGene therapy for HIV cure using RNA replicons.Crossref Funder IDhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871literaturehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501journal article2023-03-21http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2application/pdffulltexthttps://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/bitstreams/3977c142-ad62-4cec-9b7f-7bdec58c30ed/downloadInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences2465905 |
| spellingShingle | Antiretroviral Treatment of HIV-2 Infection: Available Drugs, Resistance Pathways, and Promising New Compounds Moranguinho, Inês HIV-2 HIV-2 treatment antiretroviral drugs resistance mutations resistance pathways |
| status | SINGLETON |
| subject.fl_str_mv | HIV-2 HIV-2 treatment antiretroviral drugs resistance mutations resistance pathways |
| title | Antiretroviral Treatment of HIV-2 Infection: Available Drugs, Resistance Pathways, and Promising New Compounds |
| title_full | Antiretroviral Treatment of HIV-2 Infection: Available Drugs, Resistance Pathways, and Promising New Compounds |
| title_fullStr | Antiretroviral Treatment of HIV-2 Infection: Available Drugs, Resistance Pathways, and Promising New Compounds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antiretroviral Treatment of HIV-2 Infection: Available Drugs, Resistance Pathways, and Promising New Compounds |
| title_short | Antiretroviral Treatment of HIV-2 Infection: Available Drugs, Resistance Pathways, and Promising New Compounds |
| title_sort | Antiretroviral Treatment of HIV-2 Infection: Available Drugs, Resistance Pathways, and Promising New Compounds |
| topic | HIV-2 HIV-2 treatment antiretroviral drugs resistance mutations resistance pathways |
| topic_facet | HIV-2 HIV-2 treatment antiretroviral drugs resistance mutations resistance pathways |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10451/61922 |
| visible | 1 |