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Caso clínico : neurosarcoidose com envolvimento neuroftalmológico

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Resumo:Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder of unknown origin, whose histological hallmark is the presence of noncaseating granulomas. When sarcoidosis lesions affect the optic nerve, we are in the presence of neurosarcoidosis with neuro-ophtalmological involvement. The diagnosis and treatment is a challenge, and the prognosis is highly variable, from spontaneous remission to chronic and progres-sive disease. Purpose: To describe the evolution of a case, from the moment that the first complaints arise, to the present day – for five years, focusing on diagnosis and treatment, as well as the adverse effects associ-ated with the drugs. Case report: 36 year old female patient, with recurrent complaints of headache and bilateral decreased vision, with 4 months of evolution. Cranial nuclear magnetic resonance revealed a contrast-enhanced lesion adjacent to the optic chiasm. Corticosteroid therapy was initiated, with subjective improvement of vision. Because the patient was corticodependent, a biopsy of the right optic nerve was performed, which revealed neurosarcoidosis. Patient developed several comorbidities as a consequence of cortico-therapy, so other immunosuppressive drugs have been used, methotrexate to which the patient is refrac-tory; and subsequently infliximab, obtaining stability of visual function. Conclusions: When only the nervous system is affected, it’s very difficult to obtain a definite diagno-sis, taking into account the risk/benefit of biopsies in these cases. In the presence of a definite diagnosis, still remains the question of therapy, and sometimes is necessary to use medication with numerous adverse effects in order to stabilize the patient.
Autores principais:Cavaco, Sónia Isabel Pires
Assunto:Oftalmologia Sarcoidose
Ano:2014
País:Portugal
Tipo de documento:dissertação de mestrado
Tipo de acesso:acesso restrito
Instituição associada:Universidade de Lisboa
Idioma:português
Origem:Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
Descrição
Resumo:Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder of unknown origin, whose histological hallmark is the presence of noncaseating granulomas. When sarcoidosis lesions affect the optic nerve, we are in the presence of neurosarcoidosis with neuro-ophtalmological involvement. The diagnosis and treatment is a challenge, and the prognosis is highly variable, from spontaneous remission to chronic and progres-sive disease. Purpose: To describe the evolution of a case, from the moment that the first complaints arise, to the present day – for five years, focusing on diagnosis and treatment, as well as the adverse effects associ-ated with the drugs. Case report: 36 year old female patient, with recurrent complaints of headache and bilateral decreased vision, with 4 months of evolution. Cranial nuclear magnetic resonance revealed a contrast-enhanced lesion adjacent to the optic chiasm. Corticosteroid therapy was initiated, with subjective improvement of vision. Because the patient was corticodependent, a biopsy of the right optic nerve was performed, which revealed neurosarcoidosis. Patient developed several comorbidities as a consequence of cortico-therapy, so other immunosuppressive drugs have been used, methotrexate to which the patient is refrac-tory; and subsequently infliximab, obtaining stability of visual function. Conclusions: When only the nervous system is affected, it’s very difficult to obtain a definite diagno-sis, taking into account the risk/benefit of biopsies in these cases. In the presence of a definite diagnosis, still remains the question of therapy, and sometimes is necessary to use medication with numerous adverse effects in order to stabilize the patient.