Publicação
Can we learn from errors? Retrieval facilitates the correction of false memories for pragmatic inferences
| Resumo: | Errorful learning suggests that, when perfect learning has not yet been attained, errors can enhance future learning if followed by corrective feedback. Research on memory updating has shown that after retrieval, memory becomes more malleable and prone to change. Thus, retrieval of a wrong answer might provide a good context for the incorporation of feedback. Here, we tested this hypothesis using sentences including pragmatic sentence implications, commonly used for the study of false memories. Across two experiments with young adults, we hypothesized that corrective feedback would be more efficient at reducing false memories if provided immediately after retrieval, when memory is more malleable than after being exposed to the material. Participants’ memory was assessed as a function of the type of learning task (Experiment 1: retrieval vs. restudy; and Experiment 2: active vs. passive recognition); and whether participants received corrective feedback or not. In both experiments, we observed that retrieval not only improved correct recall (replicating the testing effect) but also promoted the correction of false memories. Notably, corrective feedback was more effective when given after errors that were committed during retrieval rather than after restudy (Experiment 1) or after passive recognition (Experiment 2). Our results suggest that the benefits of retrieval go beyond the testing effect since it also facilitates false memories correction. Retrieval seems to enhance memory malleability, thus improving the incorporation of feedback, compared to the mere presentation of the information. Our results support the use of learning strategies that engage in active and explicit retrieval because, even if the retrieved information is wrong—when immediate feedback is provided—memory updating is promoted and errors are more likely to be corrected. |
|---|---|
| Autores principais: | Maraver, María J. |
| Outros Autores: | Lapa, Ana; Garcia-Marques, Leonel; Carneiro, Paula; Raposo, Ana |
| Assunto: | Memory Mental recall Feedback Humans Recognition Psychology Young adult |
| Ano: | 2022 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | artigo |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade de Lisboa |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa |
| _version_ | 1865920848890691584 |
|---|---|
| author | Maraver, María J. |
| author2 | Lapa, Ana Garcia-Marques, Leonel Carneiro, Paula Raposo, Ana |
| author2_role | author author author author |
| author_facet | Maraver, María J. Maraver, María J. Lapa, Ana Garcia-Marques, Leonel Carneiro, Paula Raposo, Ana Lapa, Ana Garcia-Marques, Leonel Carneiro, Paula Raposo, Ana |
| author_role | author |
| contributor_name_str_mv | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto da ULisboa |
| country_str | PT |
| creators_json_str | [{\"Person.name\":\"Maraver, María J.\",\"Person.identifier.orcid\":\"0000-0001-9831-6238\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Lapa, Ana\",\"Person.identifier.orcid\":\"0000-0002-5265-3842\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Garcia-Marques, Leonel\",\"Person.identifier.orcid\":\"0000-0003-0800-7664\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Carneiro, Paula\",\"Person.identifier.orcid\":\"0000-0002-2985-606X\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Raposo, Ana\",\"Person.identifier.orcid\":\"0000-0002-6740-4566\"}] |
| datacite.contributors.contributor.contributorName.fl_str_mv | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto da ULisboa |
| datacite.creators.creator.creatorName.fl_str_mv | Maraver, María J. Lapa, Ana Garcia-Marques, Leonel Carneiro, Paula Raposo, Ana |
| datacite.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2022-08-02T00:00:00Z |
| datacite.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2024-03-02T19:55:13Z |
| datacite.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv | 2024-03-02T19:55:13Z |
| datacite.rights.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| datacite.subjects.subject.fl_str_mv | Memory Mental recall Feedback Humans Recognition Psychology Young adult |
| datacite.titles.title.fl_str_mv | Can we learn from errors? Retrieval facilitates the correction of false memories for pragmatic inferences |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto da ULisboa |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Maraver, María J. Lapa, Ana Garcia-Marques, Leonel Carneiro, Paula Raposo, Ana |
| dc.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2022-08-02T00:00:00Z |
| dc.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2024-03-02T19:55:13Z |
| dc.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv | 2024-03-02T19:55:13Z |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | http://hdl.handle.net/10451/63111 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | eng |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Public Library of Science |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | Memory Mental recall Feedback Humans Recognition Psychology Young adult |
| dc.title.fl_str_mv | Can we learn from errors? Retrieval facilitates the correction of false memories for pragmatic inferences |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
| description | Errorful learning suggests that, when perfect learning has not yet been attained, errors can enhance future learning if followed by corrective feedback. Research on memory updating has shown that after retrieval, memory becomes more malleable and prone to change. Thus, retrieval of a wrong answer might provide a good context for the incorporation of feedback. Here, we tested this hypothesis using sentences including pragmatic sentence implications, commonly used for the study of false memories. Across two experiments with young adults, we hypothesized that corrective feedback would be more efficient at reducing false memories if provided immediately after retrieval, when memory is more malleable than after being exposed to the material. Participants’ memory was assessed as a function of the type of learning task (Experiment 1: retrieval vs. restudy; and Experiment 2: active vs. passive recognition); and whether participants received corrective feedback or not. In both experiments, we observed that retrieval not only improved correct recall (replicating the testing effect) but also promoted the correction of false memories. Notably, corrective feedback was more effective when given after errors that were committed during retrieval rather than after restudy (Experiment 1) or after passive recognition (Experiment 2). Our results suggest that the benefits of retrieval go beyond the testing effect since it also facilitates false memories correction. Retrieval seems to enhance memory malleability, thus improving the incorporation of feedback, compared to the mere presentation of the information. Our results support the use of learning strategies that engage in active and explicit retrieval because, even if the retrieved information is wrong—when immediate feedback is provided—memory updating is promoted and errors are more likely to be corrected. |
| dirty | 0 |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| fulltext.url.fl_str_mv | https://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/bitstreams/f02cfb30-ecdf-48c8-b9b3-682bd0271974/download |
| funding.funder.alternateName_str_mv | FCT FCT |
| funding.funder.identifier_str_mv | http://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871 http://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871 |
| funding.funder.name_str_mv | Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia |
| funding.name_str_mv | Concurso para Financiamento de Projetos de Investigação Científica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Todos os Domínios Científicos - 2017 |
| id | ul_ea2e11ad04bbbe4b2ac7ff5e30ec3de7 |
| identifier.url.fl_str_mv | http://hdl.handle.net/10451/63111 |
| instacron_str | ul |
| institution | Universidade de Lisboa |
| instname_str | Universidade de Lisboa |
| language | eng |
| network_acronym_str | ul |
| network_name_str | Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:repositorio.ulisboa.pt:10451/63111 |
| organization_str_mv | urn:organizationAcronym:ul |
| person_str_mv | Maraver, María J. Maraver, María J. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9831-6238 0000-0001-9831-6238 Lapa, Ana Lapa, Ana https://www.ciencia-id.pt/4912-4CC0-FD8C 4912-4CC0-FD8C http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5265-3842 0000-0002-5265-3842 Garcia-Marques, Leonel Garcia-Marques, Leonel https://www.ciencia-id.pt/1411-17B3-42F0 1411-17B3-42F0 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0800-7664 0000-0003-0800-7664 Carneiro, Paula Carneiro, Paula http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2985-606X 0000-0002-2985-606X Raposo, Ana Raposo, Ana http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6740-4566 0000-0002-6740-4566 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Public Library of Science |
| reponame_str | Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa |
| repository_id_str | urn:repositoryAcronym:ul |
| service_str_mv | urn:repositoryAcronym:ul |
| spelling | engPublic Library of Sciencept_PTErrorful learning suggests that, when perfect learning has not yet been attained, errors can enhance future learning if followed by corrective feedback. Research on memory updating has shown that after retrieval, memory becomes more malleable and prone to change. Thus, retrieval of a wrong answer might provide a good context for the incorporation of feedback. Here, we tested this hypothesis using sentences including pragmatic sentence implications, commonly used for the study of false memories. Across two experiments with young adults, we hypothesized that corrective feedback would be more efficient at reducing false memories if provided immediately after retrieval, when memory is more malleable than after being exposed to the material. Participants’ memory was assessed as a function of the type of learning task (Experiment 1: retrieval vs. restudy; and Experiment 2: active vs. passive recognition); and whether participants received corrective feedback or not. In both experiments, we observed that retrieval not only improved correct recall (replicating the testing effect) but also promoted the correction of false memories. Notably, corrective feedback was more effective when given after errors that were committed during retrieval rather than after restudy (Experiment 1) or after passive recognition (Experiment 2). Our results suggest that the benefits of retrieval go beyond the testing effect since it also facilitates false memories correction. Retrieval seems to enhance memory malleability, thus improving the incorporation of feedback, compared to the mere presentation of the information. Our results support the use of learning strategies that engage in active and explicit retrieval because, even if the retrieved information is wrong—when immediate feedback is provided—memory updating is promoted and errors are more likely to be corrected.application/pdfpt_PTCan we learn from errors? Retrieval facilitates the correction of false memories for pragmatic inferencesPersonalMaraver, María J.DSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/f54cc96d-6335-4a33-b0ee-f396256ca232DSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/f54cc96d-6335-4a33-b0ee-f396256ca232MaraverMaría JesúsORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0001-9831-6238Researcher IDhttps://www.researcherid.comH-1638-2015Scopus Author IDhttps://www.scopus.com57192005702PersonalLapa, AnaDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/d93bd51c-85df-4609-8d77-a0c04c444ed6DSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/d93bd51c-85df-4609-8d77-a0c04c444ed6Martinho Fernandes Domingues LapaAna RuteCiência IDhttps://www.ciencia-id.pt4912-4CC0-FD8CORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0002-5265-3842PersonalGarcia-Marques, LeonelDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/a71a069b-7f9c-4a7d-832e-12370abb3aacDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/a71a069b-7f9c-4a7d-832e-12370abb3aacGarcia-MarquesLeonelCiência IDhttps://www.ciencia-id.pt1411-17B3-42F0ORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0003-0800-7664Scopus Author IDhttps://www.scopus.com57204504050PersonalCarneiro, PaulaDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/b4ed1c30-82c2-4505-8c46-0bf6a44ed5aeDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/b4ed1c30-82c2-4505-8c46-0bf6a44ed5aeCarneiroPaulaORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0002-2985-606XScopus Author IDhttps://www.scopus.com12794565700PersonalRaposo, AnaDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/fa479231-a5c7-490b-b2a9-38bd80468f3aDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/fa479231-a5c7-490b-b2a9-38bd80468f3aRaposoAnaORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0002-6740-4566Scopus Author IDhttps://www.scopus.com20434651700HostingInstitutionOrganizationalRepositório Científico de Acesso Aberto da ULisboae-mailmailto:repositorio@reitoria.ulisboa.ptrepositorio@reitoria.ulisboa.ptISSNIsPartOf1932-6203DOIIsPartOf10.1371/journal.pone.02724272024-03-02T19:55:13Z2022-08-022024-01-29T09:16:38Z2022-08-02T00:00:00ZHandlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10451/63111http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2open accessMemoryMental recallFeedbackHumansRecognitionPsychologyYoung adult631161 bytesFundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaIs three really a crowd Collaborative retrieval, study and learningCrossref Funder IDhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871Fundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaCan we learn from errors?Concurso para Financiamento de Projetos de Investigação Científica e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Todos os Domínios Científicos - 2017Crossref Funder IDhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871literaturehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501journal articlehttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2application/pdffulltexthttps://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/bitstreams/f02cfb30-ecdf-48c8-b9b3-682bd0271974/downloadPLOS ONE178e0272427 |
| spellingShingle | Can we learn from errors? Retrieval facilitates the correction of false memories for pragmatic inferences Can we learn from errors? Retrieval facilitates the correction of false memories for pragmatic inferences Maraver, María J. Memory Mental recall Feedback Humans Recognition Psychology Young adult Maraver, María J. Memory Mental recall Feedback Humans Recognition Psychology Young adult |
| status | SINGLETON |
| subject.fl_str_mv | Memory Mental recall Feedback Humans Recognition Psychology Young adult |
| title | Can we learn from errors? Retrieval facilitates the correction of false memories for pragmatic inferences |
| title_full | Can we learn from errors? Retrieval facilitates the correction of false memories for pragmatic inferences |
| title_fullStr | Can we learn from errors? Retrieval facilitates the correction of false memories for pragmatic inferences Can we learn from errors? Retrieval facilitates the correction of false memories for pragmatic inferences |
| title_full_unstemmed | Can we learn from errors? Retrieval facilitates the correction of false memories for pragmatic inferences Can we learn from errors? Retrieval facilitates the correction of false memories for pragmatic inferences |
| title_short | Can we learn from errors? Retrieval facilitates the correction of false memories for pragmatic inferences |
| title_sort | Can we learn from errors? Retrieval facilitates the correction of false memories for pragmatic inferences |
| topic | Memory Mental recall Feedback Humans Recognition Psychology Young adult |
| topic_facet | Memory Mental recall Feedback Humans Recognition Psychology Young adult |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10451/63111 |
| visible | 1 |