Publicação
Experience of discrimination during COVID-19 pandemic: the impact of public health measures and psychological distress among refugees and other migrants in Europe
| Resumo: | Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a disproportionately hard impact on refugees and other migrants who are often exposed to the virus with limited means to protect themselves. We tested the hypothesis that during the COVID-19 pandemic, refugees and other migrants have suffered a negative impact on mental health and have been unjustly discriminated for spreading the disease in Europe (data collection from April to November 2020). Methods: Participants in the ApartTogether Survey (N = 8297, after listwise deletion of missing items final N = 3940) provided data regarding to their difficulties to adhere to preventive recommendations against COVID-19 infection (CARE), self-perceived stigmatization (SS), and psychological distress (PD). Structural Equation Modeling was used to investigate PD as a mediator in the pathway linking CARE to SS, while adjusting for the housing and residence status. To improve confidence in the findings, single hold-out sample cross-validation was performed using a train/test split ratio of 0.8/0.2. Results: In the exploratory set (N = 3159) SS was associated with both CARE (B = 0.200, p < 0.001) and PD (B = 0.455, p < 0.001). Moreover, PD was also associated with CARE (B = 0.094, p = 0.001) and mediated the effect of CARE on SS (proportion mediated = 17.7%, p = 0.001). The results were successfully replicated in the confirmation set (N = 781; total effect = 0.417, p < 0.001; proportion mediated = 29.7%, p < 0.001). Follow-up analyses also found evidence for an opposite effect (i.e., from SS to CARE, B = 0.132; p < 0.001), suggesting that there might be a vicious circle between the self-perceived stigmatization and the access to health care and the use of preventive measures against COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: Refugees and other migrants who had more difficulties in accessing health care and preventive measures against COVID-19 infection experienced worse mental health and increased discrimination. These negative effects appeared to be stronger for those with more insecure housing and residence status, highlighting from one side the specific risk of insecure housing in the impact of COVID-19 upon mental health and infection protection, and for another side the need to proper housing as a strategy to prevent both COVID-19 and mental distress. |
|---|---|
| Autores principais: | Marchi, Mattia |
| Outros Autores: | Magarini, Federica Maria; Chiarenza, Antonio; Galeazzi, Gian Maria; Paloma, Virginia; Garrido, Rocío; Ioannidi, Elisabeth; Vassilikou, Katerina; Matos, Margarida Gaspar de; Gaspar, Tania; Guedes, Fábio Botelho; Primdahl, Nina Langer; Skovdal, Morten; Murphy, Rebecca; Durbeej, Natalie; Osman, Fatumo; Watters, Charles; van den Muijsenbergh, Maria; Sturm, Gesine; Oulahal, Rachid; Padilla, Beatriz; Willems, Sara; Spiritus-Beerden, Eva; Verelst, An; Derluyn, Ilse |
| Assunto: | COVID-19 Mental health Migrants Public health Social stigma |
| Ano: | 2022 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | artigo |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade de Lisboa |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa |
| _version_ | 1866811341130432512 |
|---|---|
| author | Marchi, Mattia |
| author2 | Magarini, Federica Maria Chiarenza, Antonio Galeazzi, Gian Maria Paloma, Virginia Garrido, Rocío Ioannidi, Elisabeth Vassilikou, Katerina Matos, Margarida Gaspar de Gaspar, Tania Guedes, Fábio Botelho Primdahl, Nina Langer Skovdal, Morten Murphy, Rebecca Durbeej, Natalie Osman, Fatumo Watters, Charles van den Muijsenbergh, Maria Sturm, Gesine Oulahal, Rachid Padilla, Beatriz Willems, Sara Spiritus-Beerden, Eva Verelst, An Derluyn, Ilse |
| author2_role | author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author author |
| author_facet | Marchi, Mattia Magarini, Federica Maria Chiarenza, Antonio Galeazzi, Gian Maria Paloma, Virginia Garrido, Rocío Ioannidi, Elisabeth Vassilikou, Katerina Matos, Margarida Gaspar de Gaspar, Tania Guedes, Fábio Botelho Primdahl, Nina Langer Skovdal, Morten Murphy, Rebecca Durbeej, Natalie Osman, Fatumo Watters, Charles van den Muijsenbergh, Maria Sturm, Gesine Oulahal, Rachid Padilla, Beatriz Willems, Sara Spiritus-Beerden, Eva Verelst, An Derluyn, Ilse |
| author_role | author |
| contributor_name_str_mv | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto da ULisboa |
| country_str | PT |
| creators_json_txt | [{\"Person.name\":\"Marchi, Mattia\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Magarini, Federica Maria\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Chiarenza, Antonio\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Galeazzi, Gian Maria\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Paloma, Virginia\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Garrido, Rocío\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Ioannidi, Elisabeth\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Vassilikou, Katerina\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Matos, Margarida Gaspar de\",\"Person.identifier.orcid\":\"0000-0003-2114-2350\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Gaspar, Tania\",\"Person.identifier.orcid\":\"0000-0002-9616-0441\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Guedes, Fábio Botelho\",\"Person.identifier.orcid\":\"0000-0001-8291-1921\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Primdahl, Nina Langer\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Skovdal, Morten\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Murphy, Rebecca\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Durbeej, Natalie\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Osman, Fatumo\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Watters, Charles\"},{\"Person.name\":\"van den Muijsenbergh, Maria\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Sturm, Gesine\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Oulahal, Rachid\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Padilla, Beatriz\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Willems, Sara\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Spiritus-Beerden, Eva\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Verelst, An\"},{\"Person.name\":\"Derluyn, Ilse\"}] |
| datacite.contributors.contributor.contributorName.fl_str_mv | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto da ULisboa |
| datacite.creators.creator.creatorName.fl_str_mv | Marchi, Mattia Magarini, Federica Maria Chiarenza, Antonio Galeazzi, Gian Maria Paloma, Virginia Garrido, Rocío Ioannidi, Elisabeth Vassilikou, Katerina Matos, Margarida Gaspar de Gaspar, Tania Guedes, Fábio Botelho Primdahl, Nina Langer Skovdal, Morten Murphy, Rebecca Durbeej, Natalie Osman, Fatumo Watters, Charles van den Muijsenbergh, Maria Sturm, Gesine Oulahal, Rachid Padilla, Beatriz Willems, Sara Spiritus-Beerden, Eva Verelst, An Derluyn, Ilse |
| datacite.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| datacite.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2022-06-24T12:50:35Z |
| datacite.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv | 2022-06-24T12:50:35Z |
| datacite.rights.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| datacite.subjects.subject.fl_str_mv | COVID-19 Mental health Migrants Public health Social stigma |
| datacite.titles.title.fl_str_mv | Experience of discrimination during COVID-19 pandemic: the impact of public health measures and psychological distress among refugees and other migrants in Europe |
| dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv | Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto da ULisboa |
| dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv | Marchi, Mattia Magarini, Federica Maria Chiarenza, Antonio Galeazzi, Gian Maria Paloma, Virginia Garrido, Rocío Ioannidi, Elisabeth Vassilikou, Katerina Matos, Margarida Gaspar de Gaspar, Tania Guedes, Fábio Botelho Primdahl, Nina Langer Skovdal, Morten Murphy, Rebecca Durbeej, Natalie Osman, Fatumo Watters, Charles van den Muijsenbergh, Maria Sturm, Gesine Oulahal, Rachid Padilla, Beatriz Willems, Sara Spiritus-Beerden, Eva Verelst, An Derluyn, Ilse |
| dc.date.Accepted.fl_str_mv | 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z |
| dc.date.available.fl_str_mv | 2022-06-24T12:50:35Z |
| dc.date.embargoed.fl_str_mv | 2022-06-24T12:50:35Z |
| dc.format.none.fl_str_mv | application/pdf |
| dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv | http://hdl.handle.net/10451/53483 |
| dc.language.none.fl_str_mv | eng |
| dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Springer Nature |
| dc.rights.cclincense.fl_str_mv | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv | COVID-19 Mental health Migrants Public health Social stigma |
| dc.title.fl_str_mv | Experience of discrimination during COVID-19 pandemic: the impact of public health measures and psychological distress among refugees and other migrants in Europe |
| dc.type.none.fl_str_mv | http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
| description | Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a disproportionately hard impact on refugees and other migrants who are often exposed to the virus with limited means to protect themselves. We tested the hypothesis that during the COVID-19 pandemic, refugees and other migrants have suffered a negative impact on mental health and have been unjustly discriminated for spreading the disease in Europe (data collection from April to November 2020). Methods: Participants in the ApartTogether Survey (N = 8297, after listwise deletion of missing items final N = 3940) provided data regarding to their difficulties to adhere to preventive recommendations against COVID-19 infection (CARE), self-perceived stigmatization (SS), and psychological distress (PD). Structural Equation Modeling was used to investigate PD as a mediator in the pathway linking CARE to SS, while adjusting for the housing and residence status. To improve confidence in the findings, single hold-out sample cross-validation was performed using a train/test split ratio of 0.8/0.2. Results: In the exploratory set (N = 3159) SS was associated with both CARE (B = 0.200, p < 0.001) and PD (B = 0.455, p < 0.001). Moreover, PD was also associated with CARE (B = 0.094, p = 0.001) and mediated the effect of CARE on SS (proportion mediated = 17.7%, p = 0.001). The results were successfully replicated in the confirmation set (N = 781; total effect = 0.417, p < 0.001; proportion mediated = 29.7%, p < 0.001). Follow-up analyses also found evidence for an opposite effect (i.e., from SS to CARE, B = 0.132; p < 0.001), suggesting that there might be a vicious circle between the self-perceived stigmatization and the access to health care and the use of preventive measures against COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: Refugees and other migrants who had more difficulties in accessing health care and preventive measures against COVID-19 infection experienced worse mental health and increased discrimination. These negative effects appeared to be stronger for those with more insecure housing and residence status, highlighting from one side the specific risk of insecure housing in the impact of COVID-19 upon mental health and infection protection, and for another side the need to proper housing as a strategy to prevent both COVID-19 and mental distress. |
| dirty | 0 |
| eu_rights_str_mv | openAccess |
| format | article |
| fulltext.url.fl_str_mv | https://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/bitstreams/0fe20722-2fb7-444b-bf26-dd64d7f75d01/download |
| funding.funder.alternateName_str_mv | FCT EC |
| funding.funder.identifier_str_mv | http://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871 http://doi.org/10.13039/501100008530 |
| funding.funder.name_str_mv | Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia European Commission |
| funding.name_str_mv | OE H2020 |
| id | ul_ed96c19dbbe56f37ff444cf2a1d2f1cf |
| identifier.url.fl_str_mv | http://hdl.handle.net/10451/53483 |
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| institution | Universidade de Lisboa |
| instname_str | Universidade de Lisboa |
| language | eng |
| network_acronym_str | ul |
| network_name_str | Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa |
| oai_identifier_str | oai:repositorio.ulisboa.pt:10451/53483 |
| organization_str_mv | urn:organizationAcronym:ul |
| person_str_mv | Marchi, Mattia Magarini, Federica Maria Chiarenza, Antonio Galeazzi, Gian Maria Paloma, Virginia Garrido, Rocío Ioannidi, Elisabeth Vassilikou, Katerina Matos, Margarida Gaspar de Matos, Margarida Gaspar de https://www.ciencia-id.pt/C319-629F-67E9 C319-629F-67E9 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2114-2350 0000-0003-2114-2350 Gaspar, Tania Gaspar, Tania https://www.ciencia-id.pt/3811-05D5-7235 3811-05D5-7235 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9616-0441 0000-0002-9616-0441 Guedes, Fábio Botelho Guedes, Fábio Botelho https://www.ciencia-id.pt/6F1A-412C-1E8D 6F1A-412C-1E8D http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8291-1921 0000-0001-8291-1921 Primdahl, Nina Langer Skovdal, Morten Murphy, Rebecca Durbeej, Natalie Osman, Fatumo Watters, Charles van den Muijsenbergh, Maria Sturm, Gesine Oulahal, Rachid Padilla, Beatriz Willems, Sara Spiritus-Beerden, Eva Verelst, An Derluyn, Ilse |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher.none.fl_str_mv | Springer Nature |
| reponame_str | Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa |
| repository_id_str | urn:repositoryAcronym:ul |
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| spelling | engSpringer Naturept_PTBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a disproportionately hard impact on refugees and other migrants who are often exposed to the virus with limited means to protect themselves. We tested the hypothesis that during the COVID-19 pandemic, refugees and other migrants have suffered a negative impact on mental health and have been unjustly discriminated for spreading the disease in Europe (data collection from April to November 2020). Methods: Participants in the ApartTogether Survey (N = 8297, after listwise deletion of missing items final N = 3940) provided data regarding to their difficulties to adhere to preventive recommendations against COVID-19 infection (CARE), self-perceived stigmatization (SS), and psychological distress (PD). Structural Equation Modeling was used to investigate PD as a mediator in the pathway linking CARE to SS, while adjusting for the housing and residence status. To improve confidence in the findings, single hold-out sample cross-validation was performed using a train/test split ratio of 0.8/0.2. Results: In the exploratory set (N = 3159) SS was associated with both CARE (B = 0.200, p < 0.001) and PD (B = 0.455, p < 0.001). Moreover, PD was also associated with CARE (B = 0.094, p = 0.001) and mediated the effect of CARE on SS (proportion mediated = 17.7%, p = 0.001). The results were successfully replicated in the confirmation set (N = 781; total effect = 0.417, p < 0.001; proportion mediated = 29.7%, p < 0.001). Follow-up analyses also found evidence for an opposite effect (i.e., from SS to CARE, B = 0.132; p < 0.001), suggesting that there might be a vicious circle between the self-perceived stigmatization and the access to health care and the use of preventive measures against COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: Refugees and other migrants who had more difficulties in accessing health care and preventive measures against COVID-19 infection experienced worse mental health and increased discrimination. These negative effects appeared to be stronger for those with more insecure housing and residence status, highlighting from one side the specific risk of insecure housing in the impact of COVID-19 upon mental health and infection protection, and for another side the need to proper housing as a strategy to prevent both COVID-19 and mental distress.application/pdfpt_PTExperience of discrimination during COVID-19 pandemic: the impact of public health measures and psychological distress among refugees and other migrants in EuropeMarchi, MattiaMagarini, Federica MariaChiarenza, AntonioGaleazzi, Gian MariaPaloma, VirginiaGarrido, RocíoIoannidi, ElisabethVassilikou, KaterinaPersonalMatos, Margarida Gaspar deDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/6d66af3d-b452-4278-b12e-91aa9004501cDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/6d66af3d-b452-4278-b12e-91aa9004501cGaspar de MatosMargaridaCiência IDhttps://www.ciencia-id.ptC319-629F-67E9ORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0003-2114-2350Scopus Author IDhttps://www.scopus.com15076750500PersonalGaspar, TaniaDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/8ccdd87f-f819-4206-97e0-6d18f457c561DSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/8ccdd87f-f819-4206-97e0-6d18f457c561GasparTaniaCiência IDhttps://www.ciencia-id.pt3811-05D5-7235ORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0002-9616-0441Researcher IDhttps://www.researcherid.comJ-6785-2012Scopus Author IDhttps://www.scopus.com26539792600PersonalGuedes, Fábio BotelhoDSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/4ba228a5-8d79-4411-89d9-242830c15f21DSpacehttp://dspace.org/items/4ba228a5-8d79-4411-89d9-242830c15f21Botelho GuedesFábioCiência IDhttps://www.ciencia-id.pt6F1A-412C-1E8DORCIDhttp://orcid.org0000-0001-8291-1921Primdahl, Nina LangerSkovdal, MortenMurphy, RebeccaDurbeej, NatalieOsman, FatumoWatters, Charlesvan den Muijsenbergh, MariaSturm, GesineOulahal, RachidPadilla, BeatrizWillems, SaraSpiritus-Beerden, EvaVerelst, AnDerluyn, IlseHostingInstitutionOrganizationalRepositório Científico de Acesso Aberto da ULisboae-mailmailto:repositorio@reitoria.ulisboa.ptrepositorio@reitoria.ulisboa.ptDOIIsPartOf10.1186/s12889-022-13370-y2022-06-24T12:50:35Z20222022-01-01T00:00:00ZHandlehttp://hdl.handle.net/10451/53483http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2open accessCOVID-19Mental healthMigrantsPublic healthSocial stigma1167029 bytesFundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaPais na Escola: Promoção de ambientes favoráveis ao bem-estar e ao desenvolvimento pessoal, social e académico dos alunos através do aumento das sinergias professores-pais-alunosOECrossref Funder IDhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871European CommissionPan-European Response to the ImpactS of COVID-19 and future Pandemics and EpidemicsH2020Crossref Funder IDhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100008530literaturehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501journal article2022http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2application/pdffulltexthttps://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/bitstreams/0fe20722-2fb7-444b-bf26-dd64d7f75d01/downloadBMC Public Health221 |
| spellingShingle | Experience of discrimination during COVID-19 pandemic: the impact of public health measures and psychological distress among refugees and other migrants in Europe Marchi, Mattia COVID-19 Mental health Migrants Public health Social stigma |
| status | SINGLETON |
| subject.fl_str_mv | COVID-19 Mental health Migrants Public health Social stigma |
| title | Experience of discrimination during COVID-19 pandemic: the impact of public health measures and psychological distress among refugees and other migrants in Europe |
| title_full | Experience of discrimination during COVID-19 pandemic: the impact of public health measures and psychological distress among refugees and other migrants in Europe |
| title_fullStr | Experience of discrimination during COVID-19 pandemic: the impact of public health measures and psychological distress among refugees and other migrants in Europe |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experience of discrimination during COVID-19 pandemic: the impact of public health measures and psychological distress among refugees and other migrants in Europe |
| title_short | Experience of discrimination during COVID-19 pandemic: the impact of public health measures and psychological distress among refugees and other migrants in Europe |
| title_sort | Experience of discrimination during COVID-19 pandemic: the impact of public health measures and psychological distress among refugees and other migrants in Europe |
| topic | COVID-19 Mental health Migrants Public health Social stigma |
| topic_facet | COVID-19 Mental health Migrants Public health Social stigma |
| url | http://hdl.handle.net/10451/53483 |
| visible | 1 |