Publicação
In-season internal and external workload quantification in portuguese elite women soccer
| Resumo: | The load monitoring in soccer has been the subject of several studies in men’s football, however, in women’s soccer, the literature is still scarce. The load monitoring allows coaches and practitioners to apply better load management during training sessions and matches to avoid fatigue or higher risk injury and to maximize the players’ physical fitness status during matches. Thus, the aims of this study were: quantify external and internal load, to access wellness profile and body composition variables from a professional female soccer Portuguese team during the 2019/20 in‐season. A total number of 19 female players participated in this study. To be included in the research, the players completed a minimum of 80% of the training sessions. A 10-Hz global positioning system device (PlayerTek) was used to collect distance and accelerometry-based measures, which included total distance, high-speed running distance, sprint distance, acceleration, deceleration, and player load. Rated Perceived Exertion (RPE) and session‐RPE were recorded as internal measures. The Hooper Index (HI) was collected as a wellness parameter. Internal, external and wellness variables were collected daily. For the body composition, the athletes were assessed in three phases (before the start of the season, after 2 months, and after 4 months) for the following variables: body fat mass, soft lean mass, fat-free mass, intracellular water, extracellular water, total body water, and phase angle (50 kHz) through bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody S10). The results showed that internal and external intensity measures were greater in matches compared to trainings during the week (match day minus [MD‐], MD‐5, MD‐4, MD‐2; p < 0.05, very large effect size, ES). In the same line, higher internal and external intensity values were found in the beginning of the week while the lowest values were found in MD‐2 (p < 0.05, very large ES). Regarding wellness, there was no significant differences in the HI parameters between the training days and match days (p > 0.05). Considering the overall team, the results showed that there were some associations between wellness and internal variables such as stress and fatigue (r=0.693, p < 0.01), stress and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS, r=0.593, p < 0.01), stress and s-RPE (r=−0.516, p < 0.05), fatigue and DOMS (r=0.688, p < 0.01). There were no differences between all parameters in playing positions or player status. Wellness parameters showed no variation when compared to intensity measures. Although the patterns of variables’ responses were not the same as the season progressed, the values of body fat mass, fat-free mass, intracellular water, extracellular water, total body water, ratios of ECW/TBW, ECW/ICW, and phase angle improved. Variations in external intensity measures seem to influence the body composition variables across the season. These results may indicate good adaptations to the training and conditioning strategies managed by the coach and technical staff. As conclusions, this thesis showed that: the highest internal and external load occurred in the match while no training session achieved such intensity; there was a tendency of higher internal training load in the first two sessions while the lowest internal load was on the last day before the match; wellness variables showed minor variations across the training sessions and matches as well as microcycles; no differences were detected in internal load among playing status and positions; higher levels of fatigue and DOMS occurred with better nights of sleep; higher levels of stress were associated with lower levels of s-RPE which could be related to an adjustment of the load; the external training load applied contributed to improve body composition variables which means positive improvements to the specific training strategies imposed by the coach. |
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| Autores principais: | Fernandes, Renato Miguel Cordeiro |
| Assunto: | Women Soccer Soccer Training Training Load Quantification Internal Load External Load Wellness Quantification Body Composition |
| Ano: | 2024 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | tese de doutoramento |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | Repositório da UTAD |
| Resumo: | The load monitoring in soccer has been the subject of several studies in men’s football, however, in women’s soccer, the literature is still scarce. The load monitoring allows coaches and practitioners to apply better load management during training sessions and matches to avoid fatigue or higher risk injury and to maximize the players’ physical fitness status during matches. Thus, the aims of this study were: quantify external and internal load, to access wellness profile and body composition variables from a professional female soccer Portuguese team during the 2019/20 in‐season. A total number of 19 female players participated in this study. To be included in the research, the players completed a minimum of 80% of the training sessions. A 10-Hz global positioning system device (PlayerTek) was used to collect distance and accelerometry-based measures, which included total distance, high-speed running distance, sprint distance, acceleration, deceleration, and player load. Rated Perceived Exertion (RPE) and session‐RPE were recorded as internal measures. The Hooper Index (HI) was collected as a wellness parameter. Internal, external and wellness variables were collected daily. For the body composition, the athletes were assessed in three phases (before the start of the season, after 2 months, and after 4 months) for the following variables: body fat mass, soft lean mass, fat-free mass, intracellular water, extracellular water, total body water, and phase angle (50 kHz) through bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody S10). The results showed that internal and external intensity measures were greater in matches compared to trainings during the week (match day minus [MD‐], MD‐5, MD‐4, MD‐2; p < 0.05, very large effect size, ES). In the same line, higher internal and external intensity values were found in the beginning of the week while the lowest values were found in MD‐2 (p < 0.05, very large ES). Regarding wellness, there was no significant differences in the HI parameters between the training days and match days (p > 0.05). Considering the overall team, the results showed that there were some associations between wellness and internal variables such as stress and fatigue (r=0.693, p < 0.01), stress and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS, r=0.593, p < 0.01), stress and s-RPE (r=−0.516, p < 0.05), fatigue and DOMS (r=0.688, p < 0.01). There were no differences between all parameters in playing positions or player status. Wellness parameters showed no variation when compared to intensity measures. Although the patterns of variables’ responses were not the same as the season progressed, the values of body fat mass, fat-free mass, intracellular water, extracellular water, total body water, ratios of ECW/TBW, ECW/ICW, and phase angle improved. Variations in external intensity measures seem to influence the body composition variables across the season. These results may indicate good adaptations to the training and conditioning strategies managed by the coach and technical staff. As conclusions, this thesis showed that: the highest internal and external load occurred in the match while no training session achieved such intensity; there was a tendency of higher internal training load in the first two sessions while the lowest internal load was on the last day before the match; wellness variables showed minor variations across the training sessions and matches as well as microcycles; no differences were detected in internal load among playing status and positions; higher levels of fatigue and DOMS occurred with better nights of sleep; higher levels of stress were associated with lower levels of s-RPE which could be related to an adjustment of the load; the external training load applied contributed to improve body composition variables which means positive improvements to the specific training strategies imposed by the coach. |
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