Author(s): Baessa, Jozias ; Liberal, Ângela ; Finimundy, Tiane C. ; Stojković, Dejan ; Mišić, Danijela ; Pires, Tânia C.S.P. ; Barros, Lillian ; Fernandes, Ângela
Date: 2025
Persistent ID: http://hdl.handle.net/10198/35252
Origin: Biblioteca Digital do IPB
Subject(s): Agri-food waste; Bell Pepper; Phenolic and volatile compounds; Circular economy
Agri-food waste, especially in the fruit and vegetable sector, presents environmental and economic challenges. The bell pepper industry generates significant waste, offering potential for resource recovery within a circular economy. This study analyzed the nutritional and biochemical composition of waste from green, orange, and red bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) and evaluated the bioactive potential of hydroethanolic extracts from fruits, stalks, and seeds. Carbohydrates were the main macronutrients, followed by proteins and ashes. Fructose was dominant in orange and red peppers, while glucose prevailed in green peppers. Waste samples contained organic acids, fatty acids, and phenolic compounds, including oxalic and malic acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, 22 bioactive phenolics, and 34 volatile compounds. Hydroethanolic extracts demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with green bell pepper waste showing the highest levels. The extracts also exhibited antibacterial effects against Yersinia enterocolitica and Bacillus cereus and antifungal activity against Aspergillus brasiliensis. These findings highlight the potential of bell pepper waste as a rich source of bioactive compounds with applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Utilizing these by-products promotes sustainability, supports the circular economy, and addresses global waste challenges.
