Low-energy calibration of XENON1T with an internal 37 Ar source

• Autor(es): Aprile, E. ; Abe, K. ; Agostini, F. ; Ahmed Maouloud, S. ; Alfonsi, M. ; Althueser, L. ; Andrieu, B. ; Angelino, E. ; Angevaare, J. R. ; Antochi, V. C. ; Antón Martin, D. ; Arneodo, F. ; Baudis, L. ; Baxter, A. L. ; Bellagamba, L. ; Biondi, R. ; Bismark, A. ; Brown, A. ; Bruenner, S. ; Bruno, G. ; Budnik, R. ; Bui, T. K. ; Cai, C. ; Capelli, C. ; Cardoso, J. M. R. ; Cichon, D. ; Colijn, A. P. ; Conrad, J. ; Cuenca-García, J. J. ; Cussonneau, J. P. ; D’Andrea, V. ; Decowski, M. P. ; DiGangi, P. ; Di Pede, S. ; Diglio, S. ; Eitel, K. ; Elykov, A. ; Farrell, S. ; Ferella, A. D. ; Ferrari, C. ; Fischer, H. ; Fulgione, W. ; Gaemers, P. ; Gaior, R. ; Gallo Rosso, A. ; Galloway, M. ; Gao, F. ; Glade-Beucke, R. ; Grandi, L. ; Grigat, J. ; Guida, M. ; Hammann, R. ; Higuera, A. ; Hils, C. ; Hoetzsch, L. ; Howlett, J. ; Iacovacci, M. ; Itow, Y. ; Jakob, J. ; Joerg, F. ; Joy, A. ; Kato, N. ; Kara, M. ; Kavrigin, P. ; Kazama, S. ; Kobayashi, M. ; Koltman, G. ; Kopec, A. ; Kuger, F. ; Landsman, H. ; Lang, R. F. ; Levinson, L.. ; Li, I. ; Li, S. ; Liang, S. ; Lindemann, S. ; Lindner, M. ; Liu, K. ; Loizeau, J. ; Lombardi, F. ; Long, J. ; Lopes, J. A. M. ; Ma, Y. ; Macolino, C. ; Mahlstedt, J. ; Mancuso, A. ; Manenti, L. ; Marignetti, F. ; Marrodán Undagoitia, T. ; Martens, K. ; Masbou, J. ; Masson, D. ; Masson, E. ; Mastroianni, S. ; Messina, M. ; Miuchi, K. ; Mizukoshi, K. ; Molinario, A. ; Moriyama, S. ; Morå, K .D. ; Mosbacher, Y. ; Murra, M. ; Müller, J. ; Ni, K. ; Oberlack, U. ; Paetsch, B. ; Palacio, J. ; Peres, R. ; Peters, C. ; Pienaar, J. ; Pierre, M. ; Pizzella, V. ; Plante, G. ; Qi, J. ; Qin, J. ; Ramírez García, D. ; Reichard, S. ; Rocchetti, A. ; Rupp, N. ; Sanchez, L. ; Sanchez-Lucas, P. ; Santos, Joaquim Marques Ferreira dos ; Sarnoff, I. ; Sartorelli, G. ; Schreiner, J. ; Schulte, D. ; Schulte, P. ; Schulze Eißing, H. ; Schumann, M. ; Lavina, L. Scotto ; Selvi, M. ; Semeria, F. ; Shagin, P. ; Shi, S. ; Shockley, E. ; Silva, M. ; Simgen, H. ; Takeda, A. ; Tan, P.-L. ; Terliuk, A. ; Thers, D. ; Toschi, F. ; Trinchero, G. ; Tunnell, C. ; Tönnies, F. ; Valerius, K. ; Volta, G. ; Weinheimer, C. ; Weiss, M. ; Wenz, D. ; Wittweg, C. ; Wolf, T. ; Xu, D. ; Xu, Z. R. ; Yamashita, M. ; Yang, L. ; Ye, J. ; Yuan, L. ; Zavattini, G. ; Zerbo, S. ; Zhong, M. ; Zhu, T. ; Geppert, C. ; Riemer, J.
• Data: 2023
• Identificador Persistente: https://hdl.handle.net/10316/113195
• Origem: Estudo Geral - Universidade de Coimbra
• Tipo de Documento: Artigo científico
• Idioma: Inglês

Descrição

A low-energy electronic recoil calibration of XENON1T, a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber, with an internal 37Ar source was performed. This calibration source features a 35-day half-life and provides two monoenergetic lines at 2.82 keV and 0.27 keV. The photon yield and electron yield at 2.82 keVare measured to be (32.3±0.3) photons/keV and (40.6 ± 0.5) electrons/keV, respectively, in agreement with other measurements and with NEST predictions. The electron yield at 0.27 keVis alsomeasured and it is (68.0+6.3 −3.7) electrons/keV. The 37Ar calibration confirms that the detector is well-understood in the energy region close to the detection threshold, with the 2.82 keV line reconstructed at (2.83 ± 0.02) keV, which further validates the model used to interpret the low-energy electronic recoil excess previously reported by XENON1T. The ability to efficiently remove argon with cryogenic distillation after the calibration proves that 37Ar can be considered as a regular calibration source for multi-tonne xenon detectors.

We gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation, Swiss National Science Foundation, German Ministry for Education and Research, Max Planck Gesellschaft, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Helmholtz Association, Dutch Research Council (NWO), Weizmann Institute of Science, Israeli Science Foundation, Binational Science Foundation, Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Région des Pays de la Loire, Knut and AliceWallenberg Foundation, Kavli Foundation, JSPS Kakenhi and JST FOREST Program in Japan, Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare. This project has received funding/support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 860881-HIDDeN. Data processing is performed using infrastructures from the Open Science Grid, the European Grid Initiative and the Dutch national e-infrastructure with the support of SURF Cooperative. We are grateful to Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso for hosting and supporting the XENON project.