Publicação
Bark-based biorefineries: anatomical and chemical characterization of the bark of endemic Quercus vulcanica of Turkey
| Resumo: | The detailed anatomical and chemical features of the bark from endemic Quercus vulcanica in Turkey are reported here for the first time and discussed in the perspective of integration into a bark-based biorefinery system. The bark of Q. vulcanica trees was collected and studied through observations using light and scanning electron microscopy, wet-chemical analysis, inorganic elemental and FTIR analyses, GC-MS determinations of lipophilic extractives and suberin monomers, as well as TBARS antioxidant activity of hydroethanolic extracts. The bark of Q. vulcanica comprises phloem and a rhytidome with thin periderms and a few cork layers. The ash content is high (16.4%), primarily consisting of calcium oxalate crystals. Extractives were present in a high amount (23.1%) of which 88% corresponded to hydrophilic extractives (10.3% ethanol, and 10.1% water solubles). The suberin content is low (3.7%), which aligns with the small proportion of cork in the bark rhytidome. The composition of suberin is characterized by similar proportions of alpha, omega-alkanoic diacids and omega-hydroxyalkanoic acids, with 18-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid (26% of monomers) and octadec-9-enedioic acid (20.6%) as the main monomers. The lignin content is 21.9%, and the monomeric composition of polysaccharides includes glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, rhamnose, and acetyl groups. The lipophilic extractives are mainly composed of terpenoids (72.2% of all compounds), with friedelin and friedelanol as the main compounds. Hydroethanolic extracts, obtained under mild conditions with a yield of 10.2%, exhibited antioxidant activity (TBARS assay, EC50 value of 55 mu g/mL). The overall chemical and structural properties of Q. vulcanica bark indicate promising potential for biorefineries. |
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| Autores principais: | Şen, Ali Umut |
| Outros Autores: | Simões, Rita; Yücedağ, Cengiz; Quilhó, Teresa; Sousa, Vicelina; Miranda, Isabel M.; Fernandes, Ângela; Pereira, Helena |
| Assunto: | Calcium-oxalate crystals Populus-tremula Ulmus-glabra Suberin composition Reproduction Cork Cerris Robur Wood Components Phloem |
| Ano: | 2024 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | artigo |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Instituto Politécnico de Bragança |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | Biblioteca Digital do IPB |
| Resumo: | The detailed anatomical and chemical features of the bark from endemic Quercus vulcanica in Turkey are reported here for the first time and discussed in the perspective of integration into a bark-based biorefinery system. The bark of Q. vulcanica trees was collected and studied through observations using light and scanning electron microscopy, wet-chemical analysis, inorganic elemental and FTIR analyses, GC-MS determinations of lipophilic extractives and suberin monomers, as well as TBARS antioxidant activity of hydroethanolic extracts. The bark of Q. vulcanica comprises phloem and a rhytidome with thin periderms and a few cork layers. The ash content is high (16.4%), primarily consisting of calcium oxalate crystals. Extractives were present in a high amount (23.1%) of which 88% corresponded to hydrophilic extractives (10.3% ethanol, and 10.1% water solubles). The suberin content is low (3.7%), which aligns with the small proportion of cork in the bark rhytidome. The composition of suberin is characterized by similar proportions of alpha, omega-alkanoic diacids and omega-hydroxyalkanoic acids, with 18-hydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid (26% of monomers) and octadec-9-enedioic acid (20.6%) as the main monomers. The lignin content is 21.9%, and the monomeric composition of polysaccharides includes glucose, xylose, arabinose, galactose, rhamnose, and acetyl groups. The lipophilic extractives are mainly composed of terpenoids (72.2% of all compounds), with friedelin and friedelanol as the main compounds. Hydroethanolic extracts, obtained under mild conditions with a yield of 10.2%, exhibited antioxidant activity (TBARS assay, EC50 value of 55 mu g/mL). The overall chemical and structural properties of Q. vulcanica bark indicate promising potential for biorefineries. |
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