Publicação
Development of geopolymer-carbon composite for wastewater treatment
| Resumo: | The quality of wastewater treatment and the discharge of treated effluents remain major environmental issues, particularly due to the release of contaminants of emerging concern into aquatic environments as a result of insufficient tertiary treatment in wastewater treatment plants. Among these contaminants of emerging concern, pharmaceuticals such as carbamazepine, are frequently detected in wastewater and poses potential risks to water quality. In this context, the present study investigates the development of geopolymer and geopolymer-carbon composite subjected to a zeolitization process, produced from waste-derived materials. Fly ash was used as the primary precursor for geopolymer synthesis, while activated carbon was obtained from grape pomace. Comprehensive characterization was performed to assess the composition, structure, and surface properties of the synthesized materials. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of major crystalline phases, including quartz, hematite, and calcite, as well as the formation of zeolitic phases (Na-faujasite) in GP_HT2.0, whereas GP_AC_HT2.0 exhibited only calcite and gehlenite phases. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy spectra confirmed the presence of Si–O–T groups in the inorganic (FA, GP_M, GP_ HT1.0, GP_ HT1.5, GP _HT2.0, and GP_HT2.5) materials and carbon-related (–CH₂ and –CH₃ groups, C–O and C–O–C) bonds in the organic (WGP, AC_WGP, GP _AC, and GP _AC_HT2.0) materials. Additionally, acid–base characterization demonstrated the high basicity of all samples. BET analysis revealed a specific surface area of 427 m² g⁻¹ for AC, 30 m² g⁻¹ for GP_M, 181 m² g⁻¹ for GP _HT2.0, 48 m² g⁻¹ for GP_AC, and 139 m² g⁻¹ for GP_AC_HT2.0. Equilibrium analysis showed that the Langmuir model effectively described the adsorption process, indicating favorable conditions and strong affinity between the adsorbents and the adsorbate. Kinetic studies confirmed that all materials followed a pseudo-second-order model, the maximum adsorption capacities were determined as 4.2, 29.4, 39.7, and 30.6 mg g⁻¹ for GP_M, GP _HT2.0, GP_AC, and GP_AC_HT2.0, respectively. |
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| Autores principais: | Silva, Lívia Firmani |
| Assunto: | Solid waste valorizationCircular economy Geopolymer Wastewater treatment Contaminants of emerging concern Carbamazepine |
| Ano: | 2026 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | dissertação de mestrado |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Instituto Politécnico de Bragança |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | Biblioteca Digital do IPB |
| Resumo: | The quality of wastewater treatment and the discharge of treated effluents remain major environmental issues, particularly due to the release of contaminants of emerging concern into aquatic environments as a result of insufficient tertiary treatment in wastewater treatment plants. Among these contaminants of emerging concern, pharmaceuticals such as carbamazepine, are frequently detected in wastewater and poses potential risks to water quality. In this context, the present study investigates the development of geopolymer and geopolymer-carbon composite subjected to a zeolitization process, produced from waste-derived materials. Fly ash was used as the primary precursor for geopolymer synthesis, while activated carbon was obtained from grape pomace. Comprehensive characterization was performed to assess the composition, structure, and surface properties of the synthesized materials. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of major crystalline phases, including quartz, hematite, and calcite, as well as the formation of zeolitic phases (Na-faujasite) in GP_HT2.0, whereas GP_AC_HT2.0 exhibited only calcite and gehlenite phases. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy spectra confirmed the presence of Si–O–T groups in the inorganic (FA, GP_M, GP_ HT1.0, GP_ HT1.5, GP _HT2.0, and GP_HT2.5) materials and carbon-related (–CH₂ and –CH₃ groups, C–O and C–O–C) bonds in the organic (WGP, AC_WGP, GP _AC, and GP _AC_HT2.0) materials. Additionally, acid–base characterization demonstrated the high basicity of all samples. BET analysis revealed a specific surface area of 427 m² g⁻¹ for AC, 30 m² g⁻¹ for GP_M, 181 m² g⁻¹ for GP _HT2.0, 48 m² g⁻¹ for GP_AC, and 139 m² g⁻¹ for GP_AC_HT2.0. Equilibrium analysis showed that the Langmuir model effectively described the adsorption process, indicating favorable conditions and strong affinity between the adsorbents and the adsorbate. Kinetic studies confirmed that all materials followed a pseudo-second-order model, the maximum adsorption capacities were determined as 4.2, 29.4, 39.7, and 30.6 mg g⁻¹ for GP_M, GP _HT2.0, GP_AC, and GP_AC_HT2.0, respectively. |
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