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Myopia, Axial Length and Lens Thickness: A Corneal Biomechanical Analysis of Older Children and Adolescents

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Resumo:Introduction: Our objective was to compare the corneal biomechanics of myopes with non-myopes in a sample of Portuguese children. In addition, we sought to evaluate their habits and background as well as to assess the potential relationship of axial length and lens thickness with their corneal biomechanical properties.   Methods: Observational cross-sectional study assessing healthy children (8 to 18 years old) conducted at a tertiary university hospital center (Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal). Demographic and clinical data were retrieved from medical records and participants’ and parents’ interview. After this interview, ocular biometry and corneal biomechanics were assessed using ZEISS IOL Master 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) and Corvis ST (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany), respectively. Linear mixed-effects models adjusting for age and gender were built to assess the relationship between corneal biomechanical properties and myopia, axial length (AL) and lens thickness (LT).   Results: One hundred and fifty-six eyes (out of 78 children) were enrolled of which 100 had a spherical equivalent ≤ -0.50 and were classified as myopes. The mean±standard deviation age was 14.18±2.60 years, being significantly higher in the myopes (p=0.004). The proportion of myopes increased with age (p=0.019). LT presented a significant but weak negative correlation with intraocular pressure (r=-0.227, p=0.005). Almost half of myopes had a positive family history of myopia. Non-myopes presented a trend for a higher proportion of atopy (p=0.059) and a significantly higher proportion of dermatitis history (p=0.030). Myopia was associated with higher amplitude of whole eye movement (p<0.001). Longer AL and thinner lenses were associated with a more deformable corneal behavior.   Conclusion: In this sample of Portuguese children, AL and LT, but not myopic status, were related with corneal biomechanical behavior. Longitudinal studies are warranted to elucidate the role of corneal biomechanics in the screening and follow-up of ocular diseases in children.
Autores principais:Ferreira, André
Outros Autores:Marques, João Heitor; Marta, Ana; Castro, Catarina; Baptista, Pedro Manuel; José, Diana; Sousa, Paulo; Neves, Isabel; Menéres, Pedro; Barbosa, Irene
Assunto:Artigos Originais
Ano:2023
País:Portugal
Tipo de documento:artigo
Tipo de acesso:acesso aberto
Instituição associada:Sociedade Portuguesa de Oftalmologia
Idioma:inglês
Origem:Revista Sociedade Portuguesa de Oftalmologia
Descrição
Resumo:Introduction: Our objective was to compare the corneal biomechanics of myopes with non-myopes in a sample of Portuguese children. In addition, we sought to evaluate their habits and background as well as to assess the potential relationship of axial length and lens thickness with their corneal biomechanical properties.   Methods: Observational cross-sectional study assessing healthy children (8 to 18 years old) conducted at a tertiary university hospital center (Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal). Demographic and clinical data were retrieved from medical records and participants’ and parents’ interview. After this interview, ocular biometry and corneal biomechanics were assessed using ZEISS IOL Master 700 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) and Corvis ST (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany), respectively. Linear mixed-effects models adjusting for age and gender were built to assess the relationship between corneal biomechanical properties and myopia, axial length (AL) and lens thickness (LT).   Results: One hundred and fifty-six eyes (out of 78 children) were enrolled of which 100 had a spherical equivalent ≤ -0.50 and were classified as myopes. The mean±standard deviation age was 14.18±2.60 years, being significantly higher in the myopes (p=0.004). The proportion of myopes increased with age (p=0.019). LT presented a significant but weak negative correlation with intraocular pressure (r=-0.227, p=0.005). Almost half of myopes had a positive family history of myopia. Non-myopes presented a trend for a higher proportion of atopy (p=0.059) and a significantly higher proportion of dermatitis history (p=0.030). Myopia was associated with higher amplitude of whole eye movement (p<0.001). Longer AL and thinner lenses were associated with a more deformable corneal behavior.   Conclusion: In this sample of Portuguese children, AL and LT, but not myopic status, were related with corneal biomechanical behavior. Longitudinal studies are warranted to elucidate the role of corneal biomechanics in the screening and follow-up of ocular diseases in children.