Publicação
Customization of implants coated with multifunctional biomaterials
| Resumo: | Implant rejection remains a significant challenge in orthopaedic and dental surgeries, motivating research into surface treatment methods to improve osseointegration. Implant rejection can be attributed to a variety of factors, including material incompatibility, host immune response, bacterial contamination, as well as integration issues with the surrounding tissue. Moreover, inadequate design can cause excessive stresses on surrounding tissues, interfere with appropriate distribution of mechanical loads, or hinder vascularization and tissue regeneration. These factors can trigger inflammatory responses and adverse reactions compromising implant fixation and potentially leading to rejection by the body. Therefore, this study aims to develop multifunctional bioactive glass coatings for customized dental implants, promoting osseointegration, preventing biofilm formation, and consequently ensuring long-term implant success. Bioactive glasses enriched with cerium oxide, zinc oxide, strontium oxide, and magnesium oxide were investigated as antibacterial agents and enhancers of the osseointegration process. Additionally, the influence of the electrical charge storage in the bioactive glass on bioactivity was also evaluated. Following extensive research on the structural, morphological, and biological properties of various bioactive glass compositions, four compositions based on Bioglass 45S5 with 2 mol% of CeO2, ZnO, SrO, or MgO were selected. The selected formulations considered antibacterial properties and cytotoxicity. These compositions were combined in a 50:50 ratio and used as coatings in the Coblast™ deposition technique. Deposition via CoBlast™ has enabled homogeneous application of coatings, guaranteeing uniform coverage and strong adhesion to the substrates, without modifying the structure and, consequently, the intrinsic characteristics of the coating material. In this study, homogeneous substrate coverage was not achieved, prompting an adjustment of the variables that influence the success of the technique. The surface properties of the coatings, such as roughness and wettability, were evaluated to define their potential for in vivo application. The results revealed that the average roughness is close to the values required for successful cell adhesion and that the surface exhibits hydrophilic behaviour. The interaction of cells with the different surfaces was evaluated, indicating that all coatings are promising for application due to the progression in cell proliferation over time. Studies involving the electrical charges storage in the bioactive glass by corona discharge were also performed, indicating a positive impact on bioactivity Additionally, the dental implant design was meticulously planned, considering various geometric parameters, minimizing the risk of implant rejection, and promoting more effective integration with surrounding tissues. Finally, studies in animal models allowed for the insertion of customised dental implants coated with multifunctional dental implants coated with multifunctional bioactive glasses, showing absence of early or late rejection. Summarizing, the coatings developed within the scope of this work exhibited biocompatibility and long-term clinical success. |
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| Autores principais: | Gavinho, Silvia Rodrigues |
| Assunto: | Dental implant Coatings CoBlast™ Bioglass 45S5 Multifunctional bioactive glasses Osseointegration Antibacterial activity |
| Ano: | 2024 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | tese de doutoramento |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso embargado |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade de Aveiro |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | RIA - Repositório Institucional da Universidade de Aveiro |
| Resumo: | Implant rejection remains a significant challenge in orthopaedic and dental surgeries, motivating research into surface treatment methods to improve osseointegration. Implant rejection can be attributed to a variety of factors, including material incompatibility, host immune response, bacterial contamination, as well as integration issues with the surrounding tissue. Moreover, inadequate design can cause excessive stresses on surrounding tissues, interfere with appropriate distribution of mechanical loads, or hinder vascularization and tissue regeneration. These factors can trigger inflammatory responses and adverse reactions compromising implant fixation and potentially leading to rejection by the body. Therefore, this study aims to develop multifunctional bioactive glass coatings for customized dental implants, promoting osseointegration, preventing biofilm formation, and consequently ensuring long-term implant success. Bioactive glasses enriched with cerium oxide, zinc oxide, strontium oxide, and magnesium oxide were investigated as antibacterial agents and enhancers of the osseointegration process. Additionally, the influence of the electrical charge storage in the bioactive glass on bioactivity was also evaluated. Following extensive research on the structural, morphological, and biological properties of various bioactive glass compositions, four compositions based on Bioglass 45S5 with 2 mol% of CeO2, ZnO, SrO, or MgO were selected. The selected formulations considered antibacterial properties and cytotoxicity. These compositions were combined in a 50:50 ratio and used as coatings in the Coblast™ deposition technique. Deposition via CoBlast™ has enabled homogeneous application of coatings, guaranteeing uniform coverage and strong adhesion to the substrates, without modifying the structure and, consequently, the intrinsic characteristics of the coating material. In this study, homogeneous substrate coverage was not achieved, prompting an adjustment of the variables that influence the success of the technique. The surface properties of the coatings, such as roughness and wettability, were evaluated to define their potential for in vivo application. The results revealed that the average roughness is close to the values required for successful cell adhesion and that the surface exhibits hydrophilic behaviour. The interaction of cells with the different surfaces was evaluated, indicating that all coatings are promising for application due to the progression in cell proliferation over time. Studies involving the electrical charges storage in the bioactive glass by corona discharge were also performed, indicating a positive impact on bioactivity Additionally, the dental implant design was meticulously planned, considering various geometric parameters, minimizing the risk of implant rejection, and promoting more effective integration with surrounding tissues. Finally, studies in animal models allowed for the insertion of customised dental implants coated with multifunctional dental implants coated with multifunctional bioactive glasses, showing absence of early or late rejection. Summarizing, the coatings developed within the scope of this work exhibited biocompatibility and long-term clinical success. |
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